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“MUSEUM OF Fin voces ZOOLOGY
BULLETIN
OF THE
ar {
AT
HARVARD COLLEGE, IN CAMBRIDGE.
VOL. VI.
Parr I.—fes.. i—11.
CAMBRIDGE, MASS., U.S. A. 1879-1880.
UNIVERSITY Press: Joun WiLson AND Son, CAMBRIDGE.
613'708 A ae
CONT E iets
PART IL.
No. 1.—List of Dredging Stations occupied by the United States Coast Survey Steamers “ Bibb,” ‘ Hassler,” and “ Blake,” from 1867 to 1879. B. Perrce and C. P. Patrerson, Superintendents ‘
No. 2. — Ophiuride and Astrophytide of the “ ot Wie aca Expedition. By T. Lyman. Part II. (9 Plates.) . : ; : : ;
No. 38. — Reports on the Dredging Operations of the United States Coast Sur- vey Steamer “Blake.” V. General Conclusions from a Preliminary Ex- amination of the Mollusca. By W. H. Datu
No. 4.— Reports on the Dredging Operations of the United States Coast Sur- vey Steamer “ Blake.” VI. Report on the Corals and Antipatharia. By L. F. Pourtaes. (3 Plates.) 2 : : A ; : :
No. 5. — The Ethmoid Bone in the Bats. By H. ALLEN No. 6.— On certain Species of Chelonioide. By S. Garman.
No. 7.— Contributions to a Knowledge of the Tubular Jelly-Fishes. By J. W. Fewxes. (38 Plates.) , = . : : :
No. 8. — Letter No. 4 to C. P. Patterson, Superintendent of the United States Coast Survey, on the Dredging Operations of the United States Coast Sur- vey Steamer “‘ Blake.” By A. Acassiz
No. 9. — Reports on the Dredging Operations of the United States Coast Sur- vey Steamer “ Blake.” VII. Description of a Gravitating Trap for obtain- ing Specimens of Animal Life from Intermedial Ocean-Depths. By C. D. Si1gsBEE. (1 Plate.) A : ‘ : ah tt
No. 10.— On some Points in the Structure of the Embryonic Zoéa. By W. Faxon. (2 double Plates.) . ; :
No. 11.—New Species of Selachians in the Museum Collection. By S. GARMAN .
PAGE
121 128
127
147
155
159
167
No. 1.— List of Dredging Stations occupied by the United States Coast Survey Steamers “Corwin,” “Bibb,” “Hassler,” and “Blake,” - from 1867 to 1879. BENJAMIN PEIRCE and CaRLite P. Pat- TERSON, Superintendents of the Coast Survey.
THE following stations were occupied by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer “Corwin,” Acting-Master R. Platt, U. 8. N., commanding, in 1867, in connection with a survey for a telegraph cable between Key West and Havana. The dredging operations were in charge of L. F. Pourtalés, Assist. U. S. Coast Survey. The expedition was cut short by the breaking out of yellow-fever on board.
Date. Position. Depth. Locality. May 17 1 90-100 fms. 5m. 8.S8.W. of Sand Key, Fla. “ 24 2 270% 1.6 m. from Chorrera, Cuba. “« 95 3 350 © 27. a a 29 4 20: 1.6 m. ee 66
The dredgings in 1868 and 1869 were made on board the U. S. Coast Survey steamer “ Bibb,” Acting-Master R. Platt, U.S. N., commanding, by L. F. Pourtalés, Assist. U. S. Coast Survey. They are all comprised jn the Florida Straits between Tortugas and Cape Florida. (See U. 8S. Coast Survey, General Coast Chart No. X., Coast Survey Report for 1850.)
1868, No. of Dredging. Fms. Locality. April 23 2d position 195 Off Sombrero.
6 66 3d (73 115 6 “ May 1 7 111 “ ee
(74 66 6 1 91 74 6c
ce 6c 5 1 11 oe ‘cc
6e “cc 4 il 52 (43 “cc
“ “ 3 183 « ‘6
66 6c 9 962 (74 “cc
¢e 66 1 51 7 “ 74
se 1 19 Off Bahia Honda.
é ‘“ 4 75 «“ ‘“
é “ 5 95 “ ‘“
VOL. VI. — NO. 1.
1868, May 4 ac “ce “ 66 6c it bb “ce “ is ae 66 be 6 “e ec be ee 66 46 ac 66 46 66 4c sé +c 6 ge sty be 4e 4c “e &6. 66 66 g Lad 6e Lad 4c ee ee 46 4é a 66 6 ¢e &é 46 Lad ¢e oe ee 46 “ec 46 24 sé sc iad 74 46 6e $6 oe “11 sé ec ee “é iad sé sé zs sc se 46 ‘é sé “6 “6 ce
BULLETIN
. of Dredging. Fms. 6 105 7 100 9 119 10 128 11 176 12 324 13 418 1 16 3 43 4 55 5 75 6 83 7 98 8 94 9 100 1 sr 3 150 4 135 5 266 2 34 4 67 +) 80 6 93 é 96 8 101 9 106 10 106 11 116 12 123 13 125 14 125 16 139 ily 147 18 298 19 237 2 26 3 54 4 67 5 82 6 94 7 103 9 119 10 119 11 128
OF THE
Off Bahia Honda.
Locality.
66
1868. May 1 66 ‘6 66 66 66 6é 66 66 66 66 “ec 66 sé 66 46 66 66 66 66 6c 66 66 66 “16 66 66 66 66 66 66 1869. Jan. 15 66 66 6é 66 “6 66 66 66 “« 16 66 66 66 66 66 6 66 ‘6 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 66 i Fe 66 66 66 66 oh odd 66 73 66 66 66 66 66 ce 6c 66 66 66
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
No. of Dredging.
12 13 14 15 16 17 19 20
—_ SO MND OP &© | aw oo be
—
if
ry bo &
Cr GPa OO KH So we KH
i)
—_ i)
Fms.
127 123 134 143 138 154 306 248 100 100 100 100 100 120 120 120 120
6-7 13 17 34
260 80-32 35 36 36 35 35 37 37 34 43 42 43 124 502 25 60 115 214 306 389 468
Off
Locality. Sand Key.
66
W. of Tortugas.
66
66
66
oe
No. of Dredging.
1
wondrF nF OH OAD OP & bo
Several casts.
oPowoNnDreeE NFP ARP WON RP OR WR OOP WN RB OD OT Oo bt
BULLETIN OF THE
Fms. 13
12-15 107 132 140 296 333 105 122 122 125 125
90 125 327 368 405 50 125 138 325 87 450 638 815 40 45 49 70 60
Locality. Between Rebecca Shoal
Kast Key. S. of Rebecca Channel.
12m. W. of Marquesas. » Off the Quicksands. Off Marquesas.
66 66
S. of Marquesas.
66 66
66 66
Off Cojima, near Havana. Off Cruz del Padre, Cuba.
and
Off Double-headed Shot Keys.
Off Conch Reef. Off French Reef. Off the Elbow Reef.
6 73
Off Carysfort Reef.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
1869. No. of Dredging. Fms. Locality. March 21 6 48 Off Carysfort Reef.
66 66 7 40 6c 6
ss 66 8 35 66 66
ae “ 9 12 Off Turtle Harbor.
> ee 1 63 Off Carysfort Reef.
66 “6 2 116 “é 66
66 66 8 138 66 66
a A (Empty.) 293 “6 “6
66 ‘é 5 317 66 “6
rT rT 6 320 “ ‘6
= ae 7 351 <é i
6c 31 1 52 6é €é
“6 66 ») 117 sé 66
¢é eé 3 206 6é 6é
A =¢ 4 349 “ ff April 1 2&3 9 Off Orange Key, Bahamas.
se 3 1 15 Off French Reef.
6é ee 2 87 6é 6é
66 66 38 44. cé 6é
ée¢ cé 4 6¢ 6é
écé 6é 5 75 &é 6¢é
66 ¢é 6 10 66 cé
- 21 1 135 Off Key West.
66 &é 2 995 66 6é
- aa 3 140 “é oa
es as 4 140 ae a
6é ¢é 5 120 6é 66 May 7 1 vA Off Tennessee Reef.
66 66 2 53 6e 66
66 ce 3 85 66 66
6é 6é 4 108 66 66
ée 66 5 114 66 66
66é ¢é 6 115 66 rz 4
es iy 7 124 vhs oa
as a 8 160 ue be
6c ce 9 174 66 sé
a se 10 200 «4 bi
ee 8 2 41 Off Alligator Reef.
6 sé 3 53 ‘a4 74
é¢ 66 4 68 66 6é
* 5 79 Gs “6
6é 6¢ 6 88 éé ee
es Gs 7 110 “ af
66 (79 8 110 6é 66
6 BULLETIN OF THE
1869. No. of Dredging. Fms. Locality. May 8 9 ' 113 Off Alligator Reef.
sé 66 10 118 66 3
“cc RGei ilk 138 66 66
‘6 “cc 12 147 66 T3
é ‘6 13 156 66 rT; TL 14 189 “ “ ie 15 238 « z
anny 3 | 1 30 Off Conch Reef. 66 66 2 39 66 66
sé 66 3 49 66 66
66 6c 4 60 66 66
&é 66 5 Yh 66 6¢
sc se 6 1 by / 66 66
sé 6 7 139 66é ce
sc 66 8 157 66 66
bc 3 9 169 6< <3
“6 66 10 957 3 6c
Eo ae 1 30 Off Pacific Reef. és éé 2 49 6s 66
«sé eé 3 60 66 66
6 “ 4 75 Te rT
66 6 5 98 ‘6 6c
« és 6 180 ; “ ‘c
66 66 7 233 rT; 66
66 66 8 283 66 66
6¢ 66 9 987 66 66
The following dredging stations were occupied by the U. S. Coast Survey steamer “ Hassler,” Lieut.-Commander P. R. Johnson, U.S. N., commanding, during her voyage from Boston to San Francisco, in 1871 and 1872. Prof. L. Agassiz was in charge of the scientific department ; the dredgings were made by L. F. Pourtales, Assist. U. 8. Coast Survey.
No. of
1871. Dredging. ° Fms. Locality.
Dec. 29 1-4 75-100 Off Sandy Bay, Barbados.
a) -90 5-8 17-100 “6 as 1872.
Jan. 18 9 15 Lat. 11° 49’ S., between the meridians ae a 10 17 of 37° 10’ and 37° 27’ W., standing “6 “6 11 40 off and on shore.
(74 é 19 500 6c 6é <6 “é 46 13 20 “é 6c¢ éé «é 6 14 75D (74 6é 66
sé ac 15 200 66 66 66
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. Wi
No. of
1872. ae al Fms. Jan. 20 16 30 ‘cc ‘é 17 20 73 sc 18 26 66 éé 19 44 As 22 20 35 ‘6 rT 91 45 Feb. 20 22 70 ‘6 ss 23 70 ‘6 22 24 19 as 29 25 7 March 1 26 44 6s 3 27 30 “ec 4 98 1 6é 66 99 95 “ 7 30 30 a 9 31 55 66 TI 82 57 6¢ 12 33 58 66 13 34 22 ag 19 35 13 ee 20 36
6 al 37
- 27 38 135 April 16 39 7-9 ee 25 40 35 66 66 Al 64 66 66 42 66 66 “< 43 84 ” a7 44 2410 ne 29 45 656 ws - 46 1144 May 2 47 65 66 ds 48 220 bi 13 49 45
Locality. Off the Abrolhos, Brazil.
6s 66 66 66 66 6é 66 66 66
Off Cape Frio, Brazil.
66 66 66
Lat. 32° 0’ S., Long. 50° 15’ W. 6é 66 “eé pant 34° 55’ S., Long. 54° 12’ W., off La Plata River. aos 35° 12/ §., Long. 55° 30’ W., in La Plata River. Lat. 37° 42’ S., Long. 56° 20’ W. By O39! ¢¢ 960° 35!
cae baw Wi merrGa” sas vee? og ee. 63° 50! wm 8 ie tr 63> (hae 6 44°52! Ae 64° "10% oe. £9? 264 40/5) 66° BO" $69 FO SG" Ce DS 3 Naie
Off Cape Possession, Patagonia. Anchorage at Sandy Point. is at Port Famine. & at Port Gallant. Between Sholl Harbor and Cape Tamar, Straits of Magellan. Talcahuano Bay.
Off Talcahuano Bay.
Surface temp., 57.5°. Bottom temp., 35°. Dredge lost.
Two miles off Cumberland Bay, Juan Fernandez. Bottom temp., 39°. Three miles N. W. of Juan Fernan- dez. Bottom temperature, 36°.
Off Cumberland Bay.
66 66
Off Valparaiso.
"s 35° 29/ S., Long. 75° 11/ W.
During the season of 1877 and 1878 the dredging operations from December to March were in charge of Alexander Agassiz, and the follow-
8
BULLETIN OF THE
ing stations were occupied by the U. 8. Coast Survey steamer “ Blake,” Lieut.-Comm. C. D. Sigsbee, U.S. N., commanding. The cruise ex- tended from Key West to Havana, from Havana westward along the north coast of Cuba, from Key West to the Tortugas, thence to the northern extremity of the Yucatan Bank and Alacran Reef, to Cape Catoche and across to Cape San Antonio, returning to Key West, and from Key West to the Tortugas, and northward to the mouth of the Mississippi River.
1877-78. Temperature. Surface. Bottom. Locality. 73° 393° Off Morro Light. 77 ~=—-339$ = vi he 783 393 a, as (Bottom, soft coral ooze.) 774 39} 66 ‘6 66 sé 76 494 Lat. 24° 15’ N., Long. 82° 13’ W. (Soft coral ooze.)
Liat.'24° 17’ 80” N., Long. 82° 9’ W.
7&8 (Only mud brought up.)
Stat. Fms. 7. 801 2 805 8 924 4 936
229 5 152 6 137 9 ID
10. <ifz
11 37
12 36
18 742
850
14 900
15 785
16 292
17 320
18 756
19 310
20 220
21 287
22. ‘100
23 190
24. 342
25 635
26 110
27 392 28 863
29 955 30 968
70
77 76
76 76
76
77 77 78 78 72 73 75
554
404
441 394 394 394
Seven m. 8. by W. from Sand Key. Lat. 24° 44’ N., Long.:83° 26’ W. Lat. 24° 43’ N., Long. 83° 25’ W. Lat. 24° 34’ N., Long. 83° 16’ W. Off Morro Light.
Lat. 23° 18’ N., Long. 82° 21’ W.
Near Morro Light, Lat. 23° 14’ N., Long. 82° 25’ W.
Near Morro Light, Lat. 23° 11’ N., Long. 82° 23’ W.
About 2 m. from Mariel, Lat. 23° 4’ N., Long. 82° 43’ W.
Off Mariel, Lat. 23° 7’ N., Long. 82° 43’ 30” W.
Off Bahia Honda, Cuba, Lat. 23° 3’ N., Long. 83°
10’ 30” W.
Off Bahia Honda, Lat. 23° 2’ 30” N., Long. 83° 11’ W. he rg Lat. .23° 2’ N., Long. 83° 13" W. as a Lat. 23° 1’ N., Long. 83° 14°. a sh Lat. 23° 1’ N., Long. 83° 14’ W. i a Lat. 23° 2’ 30” N., Long. 83° 13’ W. a a Lat. 23° 4’ N., Long. 83° 12’ 30” W.
Lat. 24° 372’ N., Long. 83° 36’ W. Lat. 24° 30’ N., Long. 83° 49’ W. Lat. 24° 34’ N., Long. 84° 0’ W. Lat. 24° 36’ N., Long. 84° 5’ W. Lat. 24° 33’ N., Long. 84° 34’ W.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. )
Temperature. Stat. Fms. Surface. Bottom. Locality. a1 1920 394° Lat. 24° 33’ N., Long. 84° 23’ W. 32 95 . Lat, 23° 32’ N., Long. 88° 5! W. 1568-— ‘ 83 400. 723°«40~— Lat. 24° 1’ N., Long. 88° 58’ W. $4 syn «SSL 40 Lat. 28° 52’ N., Long. 88° 56’ W.
35 804 78 40} Lat. 23° 52’ 'N., Long. 88° 58’ W. 36 84 74. 60 Lat. 23° 13’ 'N., Long. 89° 16’ W.
37 35 N. W. end of Alacran Reef. 38 20 Yucatan Bank, Lat. 23° 10’ N., Long. 88° 35’ W. 39 14 Sixteen miles N. of Jolbos Islands.
40 1323 a7 40 Lat. 23° 26’ N., Long. 84° 2’ W.
41 860 73 93893 Lat. 23° 42/ N., Long. 88° 13/ W.
42 620 393 Lat. 23° 53’ N., Long. 83° 4’ 30” W.
43 339 45 Lat. 24° 8’ N., Long. 82° 51’ W.
44 539 7440-394 Lat. 25° 33’ 'N., Long. 84° 35’ W.
45 101 75 612 Lat. 25° 33’ N., Long. 84° 21’ W.
46 888 3935 Lat. 25° 43’ N., Long. 84° 47’ 30” W.
47 321 743 462 Lat. 28° 42’ N., Long. 88° 40’ W.
48 533 66 413 Lat. 28° 47’ 30” N., Long. 88° 41’ 30” W. 49 118 Lat. 28° 51’ 30” N., Long. 89° 1’ 30” W.
Stations 50 to 79 were occupied by Lieut.-Commander C. D. Sigs- bee while in search of Pentacrinus.
Stat. Fms. Locality.
50 119 Lat. 26° 31’ N., Long. 85° 53’ W.
51 243-450 Off Havana, Lat. 22° 11’ N., Long. 82° 21’ W. 52 158 s ¢ Lat. .22° 9’ N., Long. 82° 23’ W.
53 242 7 si
54 175 ag ba
55 242 re ‘oy Lat. 22°: 9) N., Lone, 82° 21" W.
56 175 os ‘¢ Lat. 22° 9’ N., Long. 82° 21’ 30” W. 57 Aa i: me “¢ Lat. 22° 9’-15” N., Long. 82° 21’ W. 58 242 es ss Lat. 22° 9’ 30” N., Long. 82° 11’ 30” W. 59 158 Mig as
60 480 f sa
61 243 «© Lat, 22° 9’ N., Long. 82° 1’. W.
62 80 66 66
63 177 a6 as
64 122-240 ae S$
65 127 Be %
66 80-100 os “
10 BULLETIN OF THE
Stat. Fms. Locality.
67 128-240 Off Havana.
68 243-458 - be
69 100 ba in
70 111 Off Sand Key.
71 458 Off Havana.
72 50 Off Sand Key.
73 220 Lat. 23° 25’ N., Long. 83° 11’ W. 74 287 Lat. 23° 25’ N., Long. 88°.11' W, 75 292 Off Havana.
76 154 ag Oe
we 240 ee ae
78 129 66 6s
79 ges $3) Ss ‘6
During the season of 1878-79 the dredging operations, from Decem- ber to March, were in charge of Alexander Agassiz, and the following stations were occupied by the U. 8. Coast Survey steamer “ Blake,” Commander J. R. Bartlett, U. S. N. The cruise extended from Key West to Havana, from Havana to Jamaica through the Old Bahama Channel and Windward Passage, from Jamaica to St. Thomas along the south coast of Hayti and Porto Rico. From St. Thomas the “Blake” visited Santa Cruz, Saba Bank, Montserrat, St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, St. Vincent, the Grenadines, Grenada, and extended the dredgings south as far as the 100-fathom line off Trinidad, returned to St. Vincent, and finished the dredging operations at Barbados.
1878-79. Temperature. Stat. Fms. Surface. Bottom. Locality. Nature of Bottom. 250 “ 100 400 Off Morro Light. ] 0 1 one 66 66
102 128 783° 69° Caya Cruz to Lobos Light. White coral sand. 103 438 79 49% Old Bahama Channel.
104 «4500 765 452 bi “s 105 452 77% 483 ne . Wh. coral sand, gritty. 106 2694 «“ “6 “ “fine. 107 428 2 ‘* 108 994 78 39 Off Nuevitas. Sticky yellow gray ooze, very fine, & chalk rock. 109 1554 76 883 Off Cayo de Moa. Soft gray glob. ooze.
110 1205 78 883 Off Cape Maysi. Greenish black ooze.
Fms.
1200
1050 634 459 228 150 874
238
1105 1952 2393 2412
1450
580 300 226
38 180 314
451
18 580
115 42 248 450 508 625 2376 218 1097 861 27 150 21 270 245
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 11
Temperature.
Surface. Bottom. Locality. Nature of Bottom. 80° 394° Lat. 19° 7’ N., Long. 74°52’ W. Soft gray glob. ooze. 82 394 W. of Navassa Bank. Brown mud.
82 43 Off E. end of Jamaica. ee Lat. 17° 54’N., Long. 76° 42’ W. * Lat.17°55’ N., Long. 76°41’ 20” W. Dk. br. mud,very Near former. [ soft. 824 40 Lat. 17° 47’ 20’ N., Long. 67° Gray gritty ooze. 3’ 20" W. Lat. 18°12/ N., Long. 64°55’ W., between St. Thomas and San- ta Cruz. 804 39 Same line. Grayish glob. ooze. 80 388 <“ & Grayish br. glob. oz. 80 394 a Gray glob. ooze. 774 382 oe ate be oe fo IN a. ‘“ Long. 64° 54’ 50” W. 803 382 Lat. 17° 49’ 15” N, Long. 64° Gray ooze and white 53 207 W. . coral sand, mixed. 81 42% Off Santa Cruz. F. wh. cor. and sil. s. Near Ham’s Bluff. 79 503 Off Santa Cruz. Gray sand. 803 763 ae e Sand, blk. sp. & br. shs. 81 604 Off Frederickstadt, Santa Cruz. Gray ooze, sand. 85 48} - ee - ‘¢ Blue gray ooze, soft. 84 444 ie “ " *¢ Soft gray ooze. 79 77 Off Santa Cruz, Ham’s Bluff. Coarse corals. & shs. 81 423 tt. 65 as ‘* Frederickstadt. Rock and broken shs. ‘ ae Rock and broken shs, 81 544 _ ‘¢ Frederickstadt. Coarse s. and br. shs. 81 423 Ss Re a Sand and gray ooze. 80 424 “ el we Very soft gray ooze. 79h 414 o “4 i Fine gray ooze. 764 384 a es Very fine light br. oz. 784 51 ue ‘© Mt. Eacle. Fine sand & coarse gr. 80 384 Off Virgin Gorda. 784 404 sl “ Br. shells and oz. 784 77% Flannegan Passage. Sand and br. shells. 79 «©6634 ©6Off Saba Bank. On “ 795 51 Off St. Kitts. Fine sand, br. shells. 794 52 ss oh Very fine gr. sand, bl.
spk., ooze.
12
Stat. 147 148
149 150
151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162
163
164 165 166 167 168 169 170 171
172
173 174 175 176
a eB |
178 179 180 181 182 183 184
250 208 60 150 3734
356 122 303 298
Temperature. Fms. Surface. Bottom.
794° 524°
794 79
794 804
554 76 45
674 483
BULLETIN OF THE
Locality. Off St. Kitts.
66 66
6é 66
Between St. Kitts and Nevis.
Off Nevis.
Off St. Kitts.
Off Montserrat.
66
6é
sé Off Guadeloupe.
&é
¢é
66
Off Dominica.
Nature of Bottom. Fine sand, blk. spk.
66 66
Fine ooze and lava spk.
Ooze and coarse fragments of pumice. |
Lava sand, blk. spks., brk. sh. Lava sand.
Stony bottom. Rocky bottom, lava chips.
Lava sand. €¢
Fine lava sand.
Came up empty.
Hard bottom.
Fine soft gray ooze, bl. sp.
Sand bl. spks. & br. shs. Lost the trawl.
Lava sand and little oz.
Fine grayish-br. ooze.
Fine sticky br. ooze. D. br. o. & s., brk. shs. Fine sand & brk. shs. Fine gr. s. with bl. sp. Fine br. ooze & sand. Fine brown ooze.
Fine br. ooze & sand. Fine soft d. br. m. . Fine sand, dark brown mud.
Stat.
185 186 187 188
189 190 191
192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 93)
Temperature. Fms. Surface. Bottom. 883. 80° 44° 98 80 66 411 794 43 372 80 43 84 os 79 693 542 791 42 oo 79 ~=664 250 138 75 638 169° 791 51 442 80 41} 5021 80 41 1030 80 39 1224. 80 $9 186 794 52} 196° 793 523 472 80 414 565 80 404 210 78 484 wo 2. G1 476 424 834 80 454 0, 79: .49 826 80 393 213 80 503 189 80 498 191 357 Bre RO! fot 357 892 793 394 226 fa -\) ‘Bt 154 794 54} 398 80 431 164 80 56 151 2 6 Dd 116 79 583 428 80 423 422 80 424 146 79 56 114 57 458 793 41}
Locality.
Off Dominica.
66
Off St. Vincent.
66
66
66
66
66
Nature of Bottom. Fine sand, dark brown mud. Fine sand, br. mud, and shells. Fine sand, mud. Fine sand, black mud.
66 66
Coarse sand, br. sh. fets., bl. m. Fine sand, dark brown mud.
Fine sand, dark mud, & shells. Fine sand, ooze. Fine gray sand, and ooze. 66 66 66
Light brown ooze. Rocky bottom. Rocky bottom. Hard bot., very little dk. br. s. Fine dark gray ooze. Coarse sand and broken shells. Coarse sand and broken shells. Fine sand, broken shells. Fine sand and broken shells. Fine s., yell. gr., very sticky. Fine sand, brk. sh., ooze. Hard bottom.
66 sé Rough bottom. Fine yellow sand and brk. sh. Fine gray sand and ooze.
Sand and ooze. Coarse sand and brk. shells. Hard bottom, fine sand.
Rocky bottom. Gray ooze.
Fine black sand. Rocky bottom, coral. Fine sand.
14 BULLETIN OF THE
Temperature. Stat. Fms. Surface. Bottom. Locality. Nature of Bottom. iH 226 424 794° 423° Off St. Vincent. Fine sand, black sp., and ooze 227 573 80 403 ae ois Fine sand, gray ooze. 228 785 81 3894 me Very fine gray sand and ooze. 229 1004 79) 393 “die “ z « 20. 464. 1 Bigeere > 231 95 80 61} “ ts Coarse sand and rock. 232 838° 80. 62 = 238 174 80 49} peor abe Rocky bottom. 234 306 803 47 Off Bequia. Very rough, fine gray sand. 2385 1507 79 89 ¢ S Light brown ooze. 236 1591 79 39 os e Fine gray ooze. 237 1290 384 Off Grenadines. V. f. sticky oz., brownish gray. 238 127 79% 56 “ as Fine coral sand. 239 338 80 454 us “ Fine sand and ooze. 240 164 793 523 ae - Coral and broken shells. 241 163 80 53 TT | 242 842 80 393 rs + Fine sand and gray ooze. “+ og il ED ee 244 792 72 89 Off Grenada. Gray ooze. 245. 1050. 7 39 i is Sticky fine br. blue ooze. 246 154 792 56 < as Fine gray ooze. 247 170 80 534 os me 248 161 80 533 “ a Fine gray ooze. 249 262 80 47 J es Coarse yellow sand. 250 421 80% 41} “ ae Coral sand and ooze. 251 382 80} 42 ‘* a Sand, little gray ooze. 252 306 80 444 Me Oe Gray ooze. 253 92 794 58% Hy ‘ Coral and broken shells. 254 164 78h 57 a - Coral and broken shells. 255 344 78 433 os od Dark gray ooze. 256 370 80 44% “ ss Fine sand and blue gr. ooze. ang" 58:80 AOR ete
s58° "too 80° BoE es | 259 159 79k 53h“ «
260 291 794 47 us tf Fine gray ooze. - 261 340 1:
262 92 80 62 a * Fine sand.
263 159 80 58h * &
94 AIG 80 «42, * “ Gray ooze.
265 576 795 392 = Kg
266 461 80$ 414 “ «
267 626 81 394 si “ Light brown and gray ooze. 268 955 80 393 os si Gray ooze, rocky bottom.
Stat. 269 270 271
272 -
273
, 274
275 276 277 278 279 280 281 282 283 284
285
286
287
288 289 290 291 292 293 294 295 296 297 298 299 300
Fms. 124 75 458 76 103 209 218 94
106
69 118 221 288 154 237 347
13-
399 713
200
137
180
123
120 140
Temperature. Surface. Bottom.
575° Off St. Vincent.
80°
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 15
66 41h 643 59% 53h 52k
44h 40
703 493 74h 644 544 503 614 564 61
564 60
sé
Locality.
66
Off Bequia.
Off Barbados.
66
ée¢
Nature of Bottom.
~
Fine sand.
Coarse sand & shells, hard bot. Coral & broken shells, yellow. Fine sand and ooze.
Fine sand, brown specks.
Hard rocky bottom.
Coral bottom.
Very rough, very rocky bot. Glob. sand.
Glob. ooze and broken shells. Coral sand and broken shells. Hard bottom.
Fine s, glob. ooze.
Coral sand and broken shells.
Hard bottom.
Coarse coral s., broken shells. Flat cale. stones. Coral sand and broken shells.
66 66 66
Hard bottom.
Cale. stones. Broken shells and coral. Coral and corallines.
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No. 2.—Ophiuride and Astrophytide of the Exploring Voyage of H. M. S. “ Challenger,’ under Pror. Sik WYVILLE THOMSON, F.R.S. By THropore Lyman.
PART IT.
(Published by permission of the LorDs COMMISSIONERS OF THE. TREASURY.)
Turs concluding portion of the Prodrome contains the Ophiuride not included in Part I, and the Astrophytide.
There are two new genera and sixty-three new species: Amphiura, 19 species ; Ophiocnida, 2; Amphilepis, 3; Ophiactis, 7; Ophiostigma, 1; Ophiopholis, 1; Ophiochondrus, 1; Ophioconis, 2; Ophiomyces, 2 ; Pectinura, 2; Ophiopeza, 1; Ophiothrix, 4. Also of the genera already treated, there have since been detected in Ophiochiton and Ophioglypha one new species each ; and in Ophiacantha, four. Of Astrophytidee there are, Astroclon, 1 species; Astrotoma, 1; Astroceras, 1; Astroschema, 5; Ophiocreas, 4.
There is added an index of the species contained in the two parts, to- gether with such other species from considerable depths as I have from
time to time described ; the whole forming a list of the greater portion of the deep-sea Ophiurans and Astrophytons now known.
CAMBRIDGE, Mass., December 25, 1879.
VOL. VI. — NO. 2. 2
18 BULLETIN OF THE
Disk-scales swollen, humpvy, and irregu- lar. ‘Ten stout, sharp arm-spines. Basal mouth-papillze wide and scale-like. Ten- jor scales very large, one overlapping the other,
maxima.
Four straight, tapering arm-spines. Disk-scales delicate. Upper arm-plates
Radial shields | thin.
aero about } Radial shields smalland ree times as nearly or quite separated.
: j long as wide. {Seven or eight d |
bellis.
blunt, crowded, thick ¢ ‘4%
arm-spines. Outer mouth- papilla scale-like.
Radial shields very small, broad, about twice as long as wide. Five or six short, conical, barred spines. Upper arm-plates narrow and rounded.
Radial shields broad, about twice as long
AMPHIURA. TABLE OF SPECIES HEREIN DESCRIBED..
as wide. Three or four short, moderately | Raat arm-spines. Tentacle-scale minute.
: Two tentacle- scales. Disk distinctly scaled on both argentea, | Radiat shields and upper arm-plates wider 4
—-——— >, a
acacia.
8 cale. ( Six short, stout arm-
spines. Disk- scales fine.
Radial shields | Upper arm-plates narrow. narrow, about} our long, cylindrical ) thrice as long } arm-spines, the uppermost | as wide. and lowest longest. Ten- | iris.
constricta,
tacle-scale large and rounded.
Four tapering, equal arm-spines. ae scales rather large and spaced. bed ha od
No tentacle- scale.
Two (sometimes
: 2 . ) one) minute ten- Five slender, tapering arm-spines. Under
-ple ‘ i ield-shaped. Outer tacle-scales. Ra- 2 °t™ plates squarish shie P + lanceolata, dial shields long pee ah ep spiniform. Upper arm-plates
One _tentacle- than in A. Stimpsoni. 4
Two mouth-papille on each side. (O. mazima has a third rudimentary.)
Disk below en and narrow, : or with rudimen- Five tapering arm-spines. Mouth-shields }
tary scales. One well-mark- | wide. ed tentacle-scale. 1 Four or five tapering cylindrical arm- spines. Mouth-shields rounded.
No _ tentacle- Radial shield pear-seed shape. Four to } dilkteam:
glatra,
} angularis.
scale. five small, widely-spaced arm-spines.
Th sath ill Two tentacle-scales. Fourarm-spines. Inner mouth-papillz Tee mouth-papiile ? thick; two outer smalland sharp. Radial shields narrow and § concolor. on each side. separated. Disk-scales fine; only central primary plate con- dalee. Three arm- | spicuous. First under spines, the { arm-plate small.
middle one Disk-scales coarse; all
oe ese swelled. primary plates conspicu- ( ua,
i scale. ous. First under arm-plate —, ap aa a j wide and large. = co sgameapanea Four arm-spines. Disk naked below. Tentacle-scale minute and like alip. Ra- dial shields long and narrow, diverging inward. No tentacle-scale. Four arm-spines. Disk sealed on both sides. Radial shields large, wide, and joined for half their | length. Primary plates conspicuous. Two tentacle-scales. Three middle mouth-papille longest. } Point of mouth-angle occupied by lowest tooth. One tentacle-scale. Mouth-papille squarish and crowded, Side mouth-shields large and wide. Disk-scales irregular, small, and crowded.
glauca.
Verrilli.
canescens.
on each side.
Five mouth-papillez | patula.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 19
Amphiura maxima sp. nov. Plate XI. Figs. 278-281.
Special Marks. — Disk covered on both sides with swollen, lumpy, irregular scales : ten stout, sharp arm-spines. Outer mouth-papille wide and scale-like. Two very large tentacle-scales, one overlapping the other.
Description of an Individual (Station 188).— Diameter of disk 15 mm. Length of arm about 135 mm. Width of arm, close to disk, without spines, 2.5 mm. One very large square mouth-papilla on each side of the angle, and a pair much smaller and more rounded at the apex ; besides these, there may be distinguished a minute papilla outside the great flat one. Mouth-shields large, and much curved within, and prolonged by a rounded lobe without. Side mouth-shields very small, pear-seed shape, with the smaller end inward ; they occupy the inner lateral sides of the mouth-shield, and are widely separated. Under arm-plates four-sided, broader than long, outer and inner edge slightly curved, and with feeble re-entering curves on the lateral sides. Side arm-plates short and high, scarcely prominent, meeting neither above nor below. Upper arm-plates small, little swollen, nearly round ; but some distance out on the arm they are broader than long. Disk round, flat, and rather thick, having a notch over each arm ; surface covered above and below with rather large, rounded, swollen, loosely overlapping scales, those in the interbrachial spaces being slightly larger. Radial shields pear-seed shape, little swollen, with a peak in- ward, separated their entire length by a row of three elongated scales, the inner one being surrounded by several much smaller. On the outer edge of the radial shields there is a row of small scales continuous with those on the margin of the disk. There are ten stout, pointed arm-spines, the two lowest being about twice as long as the others, much sharper, and usually curved. Two very large, flat tentacle-scales with curved edges, one on the inner margin of the tentacle- pore, which overlaps the one on the edge of the under arm-plate. Color in alcohol, straw.
Station 188, 28 fathoms, 2 specimens.
Amphiura bellis sp. nov.
Special Marks. — Disk covered above and below with delicate scales ; two tentacle-scales. Radial shields narrow, about three times as long as wide ; four straight tapering arm-spines ; upper arm-plates thin.
Description of an Indwidual (Station 232). — Diameter of disk 7 mm. Arm long, slender, and tapering gradually ; its width next the disk is 1mm. One stout, short, blunt papilla on either side of the base of mouth-angle, and a pair, stout and bluntly pointed, at its apex. The tentacle-scales of the first pair are spiniform and rather conspicuous. Mouth-shields small and rounded, with sometimes a rounded angle within and a slight lobe without. Side mouth- shields three-sided, quite broad without, tapering within, where they do not meet. First under arm-plate six-sided and rather larger than usual ; those
20 BULLETIN OF THE
beyond squarish, about as long as broad, with outer side nearly straight, lateral sides a little re-enteringly curved, and usually a very short truncated angle within. Side arm-plates small, and not strongly projecting, meeting neither above nor below. Upper arm-plates thin, of a pretty regular transverse oval shape, with lateral corners well rounded Disk rather thick, and slightly lobed, covered above and below with small, rather thin, overlapping, scales, among which the primaries are scarcely to be distinguished ; those near the margin and underneath are finest, being 9 or 10 in 1 mm. long. Radial shields long, narrow and pointed within ; length to breadth 2:.7; they are separated their whole length by a narrow wedge composed of scales longer than those of the neighboring disk. Four Ea stout, cylindrical, tapering arm-spines, of equal lengths, and somewhat longer than the arm-joints. Two minute rounded tentacle-scales, one on the side arm-plate, the other on the under arm-plate. Color in alcohol, very pale brown.
‘The young of this species has sometimes only one tentacle-scale.
Station 232, 345 fathoms, 9 specimens. Station 174 (var. ?), 210-610 fath- oms, | specimen.
Amphiura incana sp. nov. Plate XI. Figs. 285-287.
Special Marks. — Disk scaled on both sides. Two tentacle-scales. Radial shields narrow, about three times as long as wide, nearly or quite separated. Lower scaling coarse. Seven or eight short, blunt, crowded, very thick arm- spines.
Description of an Individual (Station, Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope). — Diameter of disk 7 mm. Arms about 70 mm. Jong, and slender ; close to disk their width without spines is 1.3mm. One short wide curved papilla each side of mouth-angle, and a pair, stout and bluntly pointed, at the apex of the mouth- angle above ; the tentacle-scales of the first pair are conspicuous. Mouth-shields small, of a wide diamond-shape, with outer angle truncated. Side mouth-shields much longer than wide, tapering slightly within, where they nearly or quite meet ; outer ends much rounded. Under arm-plates nearly square, with rounded cor- ners, and outer edge a little re-enteringly curved. Side arm-plates rather thick but not prominent, meeting neither above nor below. Upper arm-plates small, narrow, squarish with rounded corners; narrow within, broader without. Disk round, not very thick, covered with thin, very small overlapping scales: on the upper surface there are 5 or 6 in the length of ! mm. Radial shields small, of a long pear-seed shape, with outer edge rounded, separated their entire length by a wedge of three rows of crowded, closely overlapping scales. Just outside the radial shields there are numerous fine scales. On the under surface of disk the scaling is much finer, there being about 12 in the length of amm. Eight very short, stout, broad, nearly equal flattened arm-spines ; the two upper spines are somewhat broader than the others. Two minute rounded tentacle-scales on the side arm-plate. Color in alcohol, pale straw.
Station, Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope, 10-20 fathoms, 12+ specimens.
MUSEUM. OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 21
Amphiura argentea sp: nov. Plate XI. Figs. 288-290.
Special Marks. — Disk scaled on both sides. One tentacle-scale. Radial shields very small ; about twice as long as broad. Five or six short, conical arm-spines. Upper arm-plates narrow and rounded.
Description of an Individual (Station 171).— Diameter of disk 4mm. Length | “of arm about 22 mm. Width of arm near disk 1mm. One rather long, flat papilla on either side'of the base of the small, short mouth-angle, and a pair, much rounded, at apex. Scales of first pair of mouth-tentacles long and rather conspicuous. Mouth-shields much wider than long, rounded, with a wide curve within, and outer side feebly curved. Side mouth-shields very narrow within, -where they meet ; wider without. First under arm-plate small and narrow, being squeezed between the outer ends of the side mouth-shields ; those be- yond are as broad as long, bounded without by a clean curve, on lateral sides by slightly re-entering curves, and within by a truncated angle. Side arm- plates very short, so that there is a considerable naked space between them on the sides of the arm ; they stand well out, forming a strong spine-ridge. Upper arm-plates narrow, donger than broad, nearly pentagonal, with rounded corners and an angle inward. Disk delicate, covered above and below with minute, thin, nearly uniform, overlapping scales; 9 or 10 in the length of 1 mm. where they are smallest. Radial shields very small, slightly sunken, of a pear- seed shape, nearly or quite touching without, separated within by a narrow wedge of minute scales ; length to breadth .9:.3. Five or six short, nearly equal, stout arm-spines, whereof the lower are cylindrical and tapering, and the upper somewhat flattened and wider ; lengths to that of an under arm-plate, .6, .6, .5, .6, .6, .7,.4. Near tip of arm there are three long, sharp, and very slender spines, twice as long as the arm-joints: this so great variation of form is rare in Amphiura. One oval tentacle-scale. Color in alcohol, nearly white.
Station 171, 600 fathoms, 1 specimen.
Amphiura acacia sp. nov. Plate XI. Figs. 292-294.
Special Marks. — Disk scaled on both sides. One minute tentacle-scale. Three short, moderately stout arm-spines. Radial shields short and wide.
Description of an Individual (Station 235).— Diameter of disk 4.5mm. Length of arm, about 32mm. Width ofarm neardisk, 1mm. One flat rounded papilla on each side of the mouth-angle, and a pair, blunt and thicker, at the apex. Scales of the first pair of mouth-tentacles flat, and low down, so as to seem nearly on a level with the outer mouth-papilla. Mouth-shields small, rounded, longer than broad, widest without, and having a rounded point inward. Side rhouth- shields three-sided, short and broad, .widely separated within. Under arm- plates narrow, longer than broad, five-sided, with an angle within, outer side
ae BULLETIN OF THE
nearly straight, and lateral sides a little re-enteringly curved. Side arm-plates somewhat flaring, with a well-marked spine-ridge, meeting narrowly above and barely separated below. Upper arm-plates twice as broad as long, with a clean curve within and the outer side nearly straight, but having usually a feeble lobe in the centre. Disk rather thick, covered with fine, curved, rather thin, overlapping scales, which are largest in the centre, where may be distinguished an ill-marked rosette of primary plates ; thase near the margin are much finer (about 8 in the length of 1 mm.) : on the lower surface they become thinner and near the mouth-shield are hard to distinguish. Radial shields short and wide, curved on the interbrachial side, straight on the brachial ; barely touching without, separated within by a narrow wedge of four or five scales ; length to breadth, 1.1: .6. Three short, cylindrical, gently tapering, blunt, equal arm- spines about .5 mm. long. One minute, rounded tentacle-scale. Color in alco- hol, pale gray. Station 235, 565 fathoms, 3 specimens.
Amphiura constricta sp. nov.
Plate XI. Figs. 295-298.
Special Marks. — Disk finely scaled on both sides. One tentacle-scale. Ra- dial shield narrow, about thrice as long as wide. Six short, stout arm-spines. Upper arm-plates narrow.
Description of an Individual (Station, Port Jackson).— Diameter of disk, 5mm. Length of arm, 30mm. Width of arm near disk, 1 mm. One minute, rounded papilla at base of mouth-angle, on either side, and a pair, much larger, at the apex. Above may be seen the small scales of first mouth-tentacles, which resem- ble the outer mouth-papille. Mouth-shields wider than long, of a three-sided or wide heart-shape with rounded angles. Side mouth-shields long and narrow, especially within, where they do not meet. First under arm-plate small and very narrow ; those beyond are small and narrow, a little longer than wide, and four-sided with rounded corners ; they cover only a small portion of the un- der side of the arm. Side arm-plates small and not projecting. Upper arm- plates small and covering only a portion of the upper side ; pretty regular transverse oval, about twice as broad as long. Disk thick and somewhat puffed, covered with regular, small, rounded, overlapping scales, which are somewhat larger near the centre, where small round primary plates, widely separated by smaller scales, may be distinguished ; below and near margin of disk, the scaling is finer and more delicate, about 10 in the length of 1mm. Radial shields long, narrow, and slightly curved, acute within, separated their whole length by a wedge of many irregular scales of several sizes ; length to breadth, 1:.3. Six small, short, stout, blunt, peg-like, equal arm-spines about: .3mm., long, of which one or two are microscopically rough at theirends. The spines at tip of arm are similar, but proportionately longer. One rather large oval tentacle-scale.
Station, Port Jackson, Australia, 2 to 10 fathoms, 1 specimen.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 2a
Amphiura iris sp. nov. Plate XI. Figs. 302 - 304.
Special Marks. — Disk scaled above and helow ; one large oval tentacle- scale: four long arm-spines, the uppermost and lowest longest.
Description of an Individual (Station 236).— Diameter of disk 5 mm. Width of arm without spines 1.2mm. One short, stout, somewhat flattened blunt papilla on each side of the mouth-angle, and a pair, similar, but some- what smaller, at its apex. The large and broad scales of the first pair of tenta- cles are low down and conspicuous. Mouth-shields of a very wide heart-shape, much wider than long, with a rounded angle within. Side mouth-shields thick, long triangular, tapering inward where they do not meet. First under arm-plate usually large ; of a diamond shape, with its angles more or less trun- cated ; the plates beyond are longer than wide, with outer side curved and widest, lateral sides re-enteringly curved and a truncated angle within. Side arm-plates stout and rather prominent, meeting neither above nor below. Upper arm-plates fan-shaped, with inner angle more or less rounded, or trun- eated, and outer side gently curved. Disk covered above and below, with mod- erately coarse, crowded, irregular scales, those of the interbrachial spaces being more elongated, and those on the under surface somewhat obscured by skin. Toward the centre of the disk there are 7 or 8 scales in the length of 1 mm. Radial shields much longer than wide, slightly curved, somewhat swollen, tapering at both ends and widest in the middle ; separated their whole length by a row of three or four large scales; length to breadth, 2:.6. Four long, cylindrical, tapering arm-spines, whereof the uppermost and lowest are long- est, and equal to 1% arm-joints. One large tentacle-scale. Color in alcohol, pale gray.
Station 236, 420-775 fathoms, 1 specimen.
Amphiura tomentosa sp. nov.
Special Marks.— Disk scaled on both sides with rather large, spaced scales ; those below somewhat obscured by thick skin ; four tapering, equal arm-spines ; no tentacle-scale.
Description of an Individual (Station, Balfour Bay, Kerguelen Isl.).— Diam- eter of disk 6.5 mm. Width of arm close to disk, without spines, 1mm. One very small short mouth-papilla, often obscured by skin, on each side of the mouth-angle, and a pair, larger and rounded, at the apex. Mouth-shields irregu- lar, small, rounded triangular, with a small peak inward. Side mouth-shields longer than broad, wider without than within, where they just meet ; both they and the mouth-shields are somewhat obscured by skin. Under arm-plates narrow, longer than broad, pentagonal, with a blunt angle inward, small re- entering curves on the lateral sides, and outer lateral corners rounded. Side
24 BULLETIN OF THE
arm-plates moderately projecting, nearly meeting above and below. Upper arm-plates somewhat broader than long, transverse oval, with a deep curve within, and a gentler one without. Disk thick and round, covered with thin, rather large, rounded scales, which are seldom overlapping, and often separated from each other by much smaller ones. Radial shields small, quite narrow, much wider without than within, where they form a sharp angle, widely sepa- rated by a wedge of three or four scales. The interbrachial space on the under surface is covered by fine scaling, which is often quite obscured near the mouth- shields by skin. Four equal, rather long, stout, and blantly pointed arm- spines.” Large round tentacle-pores, but no scales. Color in alcohol, pale gray. Station, Balfour Bay, Kerguelen Isl., 20-60 fathoms, 1 specimen.
Amphiura lanceolata sp. nov. Plate XI. Figs. 305-307.
Special Marks. — Disk nearly or quite naked below. Two small tentacle- scales. Radial shields long and narrow. Five slender, tapering arm-spines. Upper arm-plates narrow. Under arm-plates squarish shield-shaped. Outer mouth-papilla spiniform.
Description of an Individual (Station 169).— Diameter of disk 4mm. Arms long and slender, about .7 mm. wide at the base. One slender, sharply pointed mouth-papilla on each side of the mouth-angle, and a pair, short and much rounded, at the apex. Mouth-shield small, thick, nearly oval. Side mouth- shields three-sided, large and thick, as broad as long, curving round the inner angles of the mouth-shield, but not meeting within. Under arm-plates nar- row, longer than wide, pentagonal ‘in shape, with an obtuse, or truncated angle inward, outer edge nearly straight, and re-entering curves on the lateral sides. Side arm-plates not prominent, nearly meeting above and below. Upper arm- plates much rounded triangular, with angle inward. Disk flat, with deep con- strictions in the interbrachial spaces, The scaling of upper surface of disk is rounded and overlapping, and is much coarser in the centre, where also the six primary plates may be distinguished : near the margin there are from 8 to 10 scales in the length of 1 mm. Radial shields long and narrow, sharply pointed within ; joined without, where the ends are much rounded, and separated within by a wedge of five or six scales. Interbrachial space on the under surface naked, or with scattered, scarcely discernible scales. Five rather long, slender, cylindri- cal, tapering, equal arm-spines about .6 mm. long. Two small rounded tentacle- scales, one on the under arm-plate, and one on the side arm-plate. Color in alcohol, pale gray.
Station 169, 700 fathoms, 1 specimen.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 25
Amphiura glabra sp. nov. Plate XI. Figs. 308 - 310.
Special Marks. — Disk below naked. Mouth-shields wider than long. Five stout, tapering arm-spines. One tentacle-scale. . ¢ Description of an Individual (Station 214).— Diameter of disk 5mm. Length of arm about 20 mm. Width of arm close to disk, without spines,.8mm. One ‘stout mouth-papilla in shape of an elongated cone on each side, and a pair, thick and rounded, at the apex of the mouth-angle. Mouth-shields broader than long, rudely triangular, with outer edges much rounded, and a small peak within. Side mouth-shields small, longer than broad, wide without, tapering inward, where they do not quite meet. Under arm-plates narrow, longer than broad, squarish, with re-entering curves on the lateral sides, outer corners rounded, and often an obtuse truncated angle within. Side arm-plates of mod- erate size, and slightly flaring, meeting neither above nor below. Upper arm- plates somewhat arched, rudely triangular, with outer edge rounded, and a blunt angle within ; further out on the arm they become transverse oval. Disk flat and lobed, covered above with thin, rather indistinct scales; those in the centre coarser and more rounded; those in the interbrachial spaces narrower and more closely overlapping. Radial shields short pear-seed shape, longer than broad, separated their entire length by a narrow wedge-row of small scales. Interbrachial spaces on the under surface naked. Five rather stout, tapering arm-spines, somewhat longer than the arm-joints, placed close to- gether on the side arm-plate. One rather large round tentacle-scale near the inner angle of the under arm-plate. Color in alcohol, nearly white.
Station 214, 500 fathoms, 1 specimen.
This species is allied to A angularis, but has a finer build ; side arm-plates less prominent ; side mouth-shields smaller, and radial shields shorter and wider.
Amphiura angularis, sp. nov.
Special Marks. — Disk below naked, or with a few rudimentary scales. One well-marked tentacle-scale. Four or five tapering cylindrical arm-spines. Mouth-shields rounded.
Description of an Individual (Station 150).— Diameter of disk 9mm. Length of arm 45 mm. Width of arm, without spines, close to disk, 1.2mm. One long, tapering, pointed mouth-papilla on each side, and a pair, short, blunt, and much rounded, at the apex of the mouth-angle. The tentacle-scale of the first pair is large and spiniform. Mouth-shields rather large, nearly circular, with a small peak within. Side mouth-shields large, three-sided, broad without, and curving downward about the mouth-shield, narrow and separated within. First under arm-plate very small and squarish ; those beyond are nearly square
26 BULLETIN OF THE
and rather narrow, with outer corners rounded, and slight re-entering curves on the lateral sides. Side arm-plates wide, prominent, and much swollen along the spine-crest ; separated below, nearly or quite meeting above. Upper arm- plates transverse oval, much wider than long, with well-rounded lateral ends. Disk flat and angular, covered above with coarse, rounded, overlapping scales, the five primaries being but little larger than the other scales ; the scaling on the interbrachial spaces is finer than in the central portion. Radial shields much longer than broad, tapering towards each extremity, with the inner point acute, separated their entire length by two or three rows of irregular scales ; length to breadth 2:.7. The scales of the margin continue round the outer end of the radial shields. Interbrachial space below only about one third covered with minute scaling; the rest of the space is naked. Four stout, blunt, tapering, cylindrical arm-spines, evenly spaced on the side arm-plate. One stout, round tentacle-scale on the inner side of the tentacle-pore. Color in alcohol, disk gray, arms straw.
Station 150, 150 fathoms, 12-+ specimens.
Amphiura dilatata sp. nov.
Plate XI. Figs. 314-316.
Special Marks. — Disk naked below. Radial shields narrow pear-seed shape. Four or five small, widely spaced arm-spines. No tentacle-scales.
Description of an Individual (Station 141). — Diameter of disk 5mm. Length of arm 23 mm. Width of same without spines, close to the disk,.7 mm. At the base of the mouth-angle, on each side, is a long, very slender mouth-papilla, and a pair, blunt and rounded, at the apex. Mouth-shield small, short diamond- shape, with much rounded angles. Side mouth-shields small and curved, narrow within, where they nearly or quite meet ; outer end wide club-shaped. Under arm-plates narrow, longer than broad, squarish, with re-entering curves on the lateral sides, and the outer edge nearly straight. Side arm-plates very small, not prominent, nearly or quite meeting above, separated below. Upper arm-plates transverse oval, with the inner curve stronger than the outer, and the lateral corners pointed ; there is a slight longitudinal ridge. Disk rather thick and slightly puffed; primary plates widely separated and scarcely to he distinguished from the general scaling, which is fine, regular, and overlapping, having about 10 scales in the length of 1 mm.; those of the interbrachial spaces are smallest and most closely overlapping. Radial shields small, and slightly swollen, narrow pear-seed shaped, separated their entire length by a narrow wedge-row of scales ; a pair of short, stout scales at their outer ends. Under surface of disk naked. Five short, tapering, blunt arm-spines, evenly spaced on the side arm-plate, and standing at right angles to the arm; the middle spine is stoutest. Large tentacle-pores, but no tentacle-scales. Color in alco- hol, disk gray, arms straw.
Station 141, 98 fathoms, 12+ specimens.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. at
Amphiura concolor sp. nov.
Plate XII. Figs. 317-319.
Special Marks. —Three mouth-papille on each side, the inner one large and thick, the two outer small and bead-like. Two, sometimes only one, small ten- tacle-scales. Four arm-spines. Radial shields narrow and separated.
_ Description of an Individual (Station 195).— Diameter of disk 8mm. Length
of arm 65 mm. Width of arm close to disk, without spines, 1 mm. Two very short, small mouth-papille each side of the mouth-angle, and a pair, large, rounded, much swollen at its apex. Four large, thick teeth, with a square cutting edge. Mouth-shield wide spear-head shaped, with a blunt angle within, and the inner sides slightly curved. Side mouth-shields large, broad without, tapering inward, where they just meet. Basal under arm-plates large, pentagonal with the inner angle truncated, broader than long, outer edge straight, lateral sides re-enteringly curved. Side arm-plates rather small, projecting moderately, meeting neither above nor below. Upper arm-plates short and wide, of a trans- verse pointed oval form, with outer and inner edge slightly curved. Disk round and flat, but rather thick, covered with irregular, overlapping scales ; those in the interbrachial spaces being somewhat coarser than the others. Radial shields long and narrow, with outer end rounded, and an acute angle inward, separated their entire length by a single row of scales. Interbrachial spaces on the under surface covered by similar, but finer, scaling. Four short, blunt, rather slender arm-spines, the upper one being slightly shortest. Two small, rounded tentacle-scales, one on the brachial side of the tentacle-pore and one on the side arm-plate. On some pores there is but a single scale. Color in alcohol, straw.
Station 195, 1425 fathoms, 2 specimens. Station 191, 800 fathoms, 12+ specimens.
Amphiura dalea sp. nov. Plate XII. Figs. 320 - 322.
Special Marks. — Four mouth-papillz on a side. Three arm-spines, the middle one swollen. One tentacle-scale. Disk-scales fine, only the central primary plate being conspicuous. First under arm-plate small.
Description of an Individual (Station 325).— Diameter of disk 9 mm. Width of arm close to disk, without spines, 1.3mm. Three stout, close-set papillee on either side of the mouth-angle, and two large and much rounded at the apex ; of those on the sides the outermost is largest. Mouth-shields small, triangular, a little longer than wide, rounded on all sides except within, where isa point. Side mouth-shields large, broad without, tapering inward where they just meet. First under arm-plate very small; those beyond are broader than long, angular, and with re-entering curves on the sides where are the ten- tacle-pores ; still farther out they are triangular, with outer edge much curved,
28 BULLETIN OF THE
and a truncated angle within. Side arm-plates short, not much projecting, meet- ing above beyond the first upper arm-plate, and below beyond the seventh or eighth. Upper arm-plates slightly swollen, very short and wide, of a trans- verse oval shape, and with a small longitudinal ridge. Disk flat and tolerably thick, covered with thin, small, flat, overlapping scales, with one somewhat larger pounded primary in the centre ; about 4 scales in the length of 1 mm. Radial shields long and broad, bluntly pointed within, nearly or quite sepa- rated their entire length by a narrow wedge of scales. On the interbrachial spaces on the under surface the scaling is much finer than.that above, there being about 15 in the length of 1mm. Three tapering, rather sharp arm- spines, the upper one being shorter than the other two, and the middle one much the stoutest, and swollen. One small longer than broad tentacle-scale on the brachial side of the tentacle-pore; a little way out on the arm there usually is no tentacle-scale. Color in alcohol, pale straw. Station 325, 2,650 fathoms, 5 specimens.
Amphiura cernua sp. nov.
Plate XII. Figs. 323 -325.
Special Marks. —Four mouth-papille on each side. One tentacle-scale. Three arm-spines, the middle one swelled. Disk-scales coarse ; all primary plates conspicuous. First under arm-plate wide and large.
Description of an Individual (Station 241).— Diameter of disk 5.7 mm. Length of arm about 24 mm. Width close to disk, without spines .7 mm. Four mouth-papille on each side, of which three are short and blunt (the inner one being more pointed), and two at the apex of the mouth-angle are larger and more swollen. Mouth-shields small, flat, triangular, with a blunt angle inward and outer edge curved. Side mouth-shields broad without, and tapering inward, where they just meet. Under arm-plates large, with a long angle within and slight re-entering curves on tlie lateral sides. Side arm-plates slightly swollen, meeting below some distance out on the arm, and above beyond the first upper arm-plate. Upper arm-plates transverse oval, slightly swollen, with outer and inner edges much curved. Disk flat and slightly angular, covered with thin, semicircular, overlapping scales, the six primary plates being much the largest ; the scaling in the interbrachial spaces is somewhat coarser than on the rest of the disk. Radial shields very large and broad, somewhat longer than wide, of a blunt pear-seed shape ; joined without, separated within by a wedge of two small scales. On the under surface the interbrachial space is covered with very minute scaling. One large tentacle-scale longer than broad. Three short arm-spines, the upper one longest and slender, while the middle one is strongly swollen at its base. Color in alcohol, straw.
Station 241, 2,300 fathoms, 1 specimen.
é
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 29
Amphiura glauca sp. nov. Plate XII. Figs. 326 - 328.
Special Marks. — Four mouth-papillz on each side. One tentacle-scale mi- nute and like a lip. Four slender arm-spines. Radial shields long and narrow, and diverging inward. Disk naked below.
Description of an Individual (Station 232).—- Diameter of disk 5.5 mm, Width of arm close to disk 1 mm. Four short pointed mouth papille on each side of the mouth-angle, of which that at the apex is much the largest and most rounded. Mouth-shield small, with a rounded angle inward, and outer edge curved. Side mouth-shields small, long triangular, somewhat curved, just _ meeting within. Under arm-plates small, longer than wide, with re-entering curves on the lateral sides, outer corners rounded and a truncated angle within. Side arm-plates small and little projecting, meeting neither above nor below, till some distance out on the arm. Upper arm-plates small, a little broader than long, bounded within by a deep curve, and without by a gentler one, hav- ing a small ridge in the centre, which forms a continuous line along the arm. Disk rather thick, naked below, but covered above with very minute rounded scales, about 7 in the length of 1 mm. where they are finest. Radial shields long and very narrow, tapering inward te a blunt point; they are joined without, and separated within by several small scales. Four slender tapering arm-spines, the upper and under being usually somewhat longer than the two in the middle. One very small lip-like tentacle-scale, on the inner side of the tentacle-pore. Color in alcohol, dull gray.
Station 232, 340 fathoms, 4 specimens. Station 236, 420 fathoms, 1 date men.
Amphiura Verrilli sp. nov. Plate XII. Figs. 329-331.
Special Marks. — Four mouth-papille on each side. Four arm-spines. No tentacle-scales. Radial shields lc rge and wide, and joined for half their length.
Description of an Individual (Station 54),— Diameter of disk 6 mm. Width of arm, without spines, close to disk, 1 mm. Four short, blunt mouth-papille on each side, the two at the apex being largest and conical ; between them may be seen the lowest tooth, having a broken edge. Mouth-shields small, rounded, with a slight angle within. Side mouth-shields large, narrow within, where they meet ; broader without, where they curve partially round the mouth-shield. First under arm-plate very small; those beyond are swollen, narrow, longer than broad, having the outer edge much rounded, deep re-entering curves on the lateral sides, and a short, straight side within. Side arm-plates small, separated below, but just meeting above. Upper arm-plates much broader than long, transverse oval, with the inner edge nearly straight, outer edge curved, and blunt angles on the lateral sides. Disk flat, moderately thick and
30 BULLETIN OF THE
slightly angular, covered with small, thin, irregular, overlapping scales ; there are six large, widely separated primary plates, one round one in the centre, sur- rounded by five others broader than long. Radial shields large, longer than wide, of an elongated pear-seed shape, their pointed inner ends being separated by two small, angular scales. Interbrachial space on the under surface covered by fine overlapping scales, smaller than those above. Four arm-spines standing close together on the side arm-plates ; they are about as long as an arm-joint, and rather slender and tapering, except the one next the lowest, which is strongly swollen at the base. Large round pores, but no tentacle-scales. Color, gray. Station 54, 2650 fathoms, 1 specimen.
Amphiura canescens sp. nov.
Plate XII. Figs. 332 - 334.
Special Marks. — Five mouth-papille on each side, of which the three mid- dle ones are longest ; point of mouth-angle occupied by the lowest tooth. Two tentacle-scales. Three arm-spines about as long asa joint.
Description of an Individual (Station 171). — Diameter of disk 5mm. Arms long and slender. Width of arm, close to disk, without spines, 1mm. Five stout, blunt mouth-papille on either side of the mouth-angle, the three middle ones being longer, broader, and more flattened than the rest. One large, tri- angular papilla, or tooth, at apex of jaw. Mouth-shields broad triangular, with blunt angles and outer edge much rounded. Side mouth-shields long and narrow, but slightly swollen, broader without. than within, where they just meet. First under arm-plate small, pentagonal, with an angle inward and slight re-entering curves on the lateral sides ; the other basal plates are large, with outer edge curved, and wider than the inner, and with lateral sides re- enteringly curved. Side arm-plates not prominent, meeting neither above nor below at the base of the arm. Upper arm-plates broader than long, transverse oval, with lateral ends slightly pointed. Disk flat, but rather thick, its upper surface covered with small, slightly swollen, irregularly shaped, overlapping scales, about 5 in the length of 1 mm. where they are coarsest. Radial shields blunt pear-seed shaped, slightly pointed within, separated by one large and several small scales. Interbrachial spaces on the under surface covered by the same kind of scaling. Three stout, tapering, bluntly pointed arm-spines, about as long as a joint, the lowest slightly longer than the others, placed close to- gether on the side arm-plate. Two tentacle-scales, the one on the ‘brachial side small and narrow, the interbrachial one much larger, with wide, rounded edge. Color in alcohol, nearly white.
Station 171, 600 fathoms, 2 specimens.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 31
Amphiura patula sp. nov. »Plate XII. Figs. 335-337.
Special Marks. — Five (sometimes only four) mouth-papille on each side. One tentacle-scale. Mouth-papille squarish and crowded. Side mouth-shields large and wide. Disk-scales small, irregular, and crowded. |
Description of an Individual (Station 156).— Diameter of disk 14.5 mm. Width of arm close to disk, without spines,2 mm. Five (sometimes only four) squarish, crowded mouth-papille on either side, whereof the outermost and innermost are largest ; besides these there is an odd one at the centre of the apex. Mouth-shields small, rounded triangular, with a blunt angle inward. Side mouth-shields short and stout, rudely triangular in shape, the inner angles not quite meeting at the apex of the mouth-shield. Under arm-plates pentag- onal, with inner angle sometimes truncated, outer edge slightly rounded, and small re-entering curves on the lateral sides. Side arm-plates narrow, bent, not very prominent, meeting above, but just separated below. Upper arm-plates much broader than long, transverse oval, with outer and inner edges gently eurved. Disk flat, covered with thin, flat, irregular, crowded scales, among which six small widely separated primary plates are with difficulty distinguish- able. Radial shields large and broad, of a wide pear-seed shape, separated their entire length by a narrow wedge of three or four scales. On the under surface the scales are much finer and more rounded. Three short, round, bluntly tapering arm-spines, the middle one larger than the others but not so Jong as an arm-joint, and all placed low on the side arm-plate. Only one longer than wide, somewhat swollen tentacle-scale, on the brachial side of the tentacle-pore. Except that it has usually five, instead of four, mouth-papille on a side, this Species stands related to A. dalea, from which it is distinguished by smaller arm-spines, different under arm-plates, and coarser, more irregular scaling, Color in alcohol, grayish.
Station 156, 1975 fathoms, 4 specimens.
Note. — The following are species previously known and now brought back by the ‘‘ Challenger,” namely, A. sguamata, A capensis, A Otteri, A. duplicata, A. Studer (A. antarctica), A. depressa. Amphiura capensis Ln.
Amphiura capensis. Of. Kong. Akad. Oph. Viv., 1866, p. 320. Station 141, Lee’s Point, Cape Town, 98 fathoms, 12-++ specimens.
Amphiura duplicata Lym. /
Amphiura duplicata, Tl. Catal., No. VIII., Pt. 2, p. 19. Station 56, 1,075 fathoms, 4 specimens. Quite common in less depths throughout the West Indies. A. duplicata is
Sa BULLETIN OF THE
somewhat variable ; and, especially, the first under arm-plate is not always broken in two. Numerous specimens from the second “ Blake” Expedition show usually only three arm-spines; three and often four irregular mouth- papille on each side, and disk-scales varying in thickness.
Amphiura squamata Sars.
Amphiura squamata. , Middelhav. Lit. Fauna, II., 1857, p. 84. Station 141, 98 fathoms. Station 163, 120 fathoms, 1 specimen. Such diverse localities further prove the cosmopolite nature of this species.
Amphiura Otteri? Lsn.
Amphiura Ottert ? Of. Kong. Akad. Dr. Goés, Oph., 1871, p. 631.
Station 76, 900 fathoms, 2 specimens. Station 45, 1,240 fathoms, 2 speci- mens. Station 78, 1,000 fathoms, 1 specimen. Station 50, 1,250 fathoms, 1 specimen.
I have not much question that this is Ljungman’s A. Olteri which has some variety as to size and curve of spines. The unique originals of this and many other species were, with great kindness, lent me by Prof. Lovén; and Dr. G. O. Sars showed a similar generosity.
Amphiura depressa ?
Amphipholis depressa Ljn. Of. Kong, Akad. Oph. Viv., 1866, p. 312. Station 233, 15 fathoms, 1 specimen.
Amphiura Studeri.
Amphiura antaretica Studer. Monatsb. Kon. Akad. Wissen., Berlin, 1876, p. 461.
Station 151, off Herd Isl., 75 fathoms, 1 specimen; var. Off Marion Isl, 50 -'75 fathoms, 10 specimens. Station 145, off Prince Edward’s Isl., 310 fath- oms, 1 specimen (young). Off Prince Edward’s Isl., 85 — 150 fathoms, 1 speci- men. Royal Sound, Kerguelen Isl., 28 fathoms, 12+ specimens. Balfour Bay, Kerguelen Isl., 20 - 60 fathoms, 8 specimens.
As I have combined Amphipholis with Amphiura, Prof. Studer’s name has become a duplicate to (Amphipholis) antarctica Lin. I take, therefore, the liberty of giving it the name of its discoverer, who kindly identified these specimens by his own.
Ophiocnida pilosa sp. nov. Plate XII. Figs. 341-343.
Special Marks. — Disk scaling hidden. Disk set with stout simple spines. Five tapering arm-spines, the lowest one longest. A slender mouth-papilla on each side, and a pair of thick ones at apex of mouth-angle.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 30
Description of an Individual (Station 162).— Diameter of disk 5.2 mm. Arm broken, but apparently eight or ten times the diameter of disk. Width of arm near disk 1.2mm. The short narrow mouth-angle has at its base on either side a spiniform papilla, and at its apex a pair, stouter and more angular. Mouth- shields longer than broad, nearly oval. Side mouth-shields triangular, some- what curved round the mouth-shield, not meeting within. Under arm-plates narrow, longer than broad, with eight sides, but having the angles rounded and nearly obliterated ; lateral sides re-enteringly curved. Side arm-plates feeble, nearly or quite meeting above, but not below. Upper arm-plates nearly twice as wide as long, of a transverse oval shape, with inner curve deeper than outer. Disk delicate but rather thick, sparsely set above and below with small spines ; in the centre may be seen some round, very thin, primary plates ; the rest seems naked, but on drying a very fine, delicate scaling appears. Radial shields much longer than broad, slightly curved, meeting without, widely separated within ; length to breadth 1:.5. Five cylindrical, tapering, blunt arm-spines, the lowest somewhat the longest ; lengths to that of an under arm-plate, .5, .5, .5, .5, .7:.5. No tentacle-scales. Color in alcohol, pale gray.
Station 162, 38 fathoms, 2 specimens. Station 212, 10-20 fathoms, 1 speci- men.
Ophiocnida scabra sp. nov. Plate XII. Figs. 344-346.
Special Marks. — Disk much puffed. Radial shields long and narrow. Five or six short stout arm-spines, the second longest. Two minute mouth-papill on either side, and a pair of larger ones at apex of mouth-angle.
Description of an Individual (Station 128).— Diameter of disk 6mm. Length of arm about 40 mm. Width of arm near disk 1.3 mm. Two minute, bead- like papillz on each side of base of small mouth-angle, and a pair, much larger, at its apex. Mouth-shields small, rounded, about as broad as long. Side mouth-shields small, bent, wider without than within, where they do not meet. Under arm-plates as broad as long, bounded by a curve without, and within by three sides of an octahedron. Side arm-plates narrow, widely separated above and below, and having a feeble spine-ridge. Upper arm-plates two and a half times as broad as long, of a clean, transverse oval shape. Disk extremely puffed in the interbrachial spaces by the swollen ovaries. This swollen portion, both above and below, is naked, and sparsely set with minute, peg-like spines ; but above the surface is finely and pretty uniformly scaled, with about 6 scales in the length of 1 mm. Radial shields long and very narrow, slightly bent towards each other, nearly or quite separated their whole length by a narrow strip of two scales ; length to breadth 1.5 :.3. Six short, thick, microscopically thorny arm-spines, whereof the two uppermost are longest, somewhat flattened, pointed, and have a minute beak ; those below diminish constantly in length, and are almost club-shaped ; lengths to that of a lower arm-plate, .5, .7, .4, .3, 3, .2 : .3. One round tentacle-scale. Tentacles papillose, as in Ophiothriz. Color in alcohol, pale yellowish-brown, mottled and speckled with darker.
VOL. VI. — NO. 2 8
34 BULLETIN OF THE
Station 128, off Bahia, Brazil, 1,275 fathoms, 1 specimen. This eccentric species might almost as well go with Ophiactis.
AMPHILEPIS Lyn.
Amphilepis patens sp. nov. Plate XII. Figs. 338-340.
Special Marks. — Disk flat, round and smooth. Mouth-angle large with three wide mouth-papille on each side. Second pair of mouth-tentacles en- circled by hard parts of the mouth.
Description of an Individual.— Diameter of disk, 11 mm. Width of arm near disk, 2mm. Mouth-papillz broad and irregular ; on either side of the large prominent mouth-angle, at the onter corner, are two more or less closely joined ; and, at the apex, a larger pair which, through the gap between them, show the small lowest: tooth. Mouth-shields rather small, rounded, broader than long, often with a little peak inward ; length to breadth, 1:1.2. Side mouth-shields short and wide; narrower within, where they barely meet. Under arm-plates, rather small, as broad as long, shield-shaped, with a gently curved outer side, lateral sides a little re-enteringly curved, and an obtuse angle within. Side arm-plates wide, with a knob-like spine-crest, meeting fully above and nearly or quite below. Upper arm-plates transverse oval, twice as wide as long, separated by the side arm-plates. Disk round and flat, but not thin ; covered above and below with rounded, overlapping, flat, rather large, very thin, translucent scales, with indistinct outlines ; above they are of pretty even size, except a marginal row of larger, each of which is .7 mm. long ; below they are much finer; about 3in the length of 1 mm. Radial shields large, of a rhomboidal form, except that the outer side is rectangular, much longer than wide, strongly diverging, with the outer ends nearly touching, but separated within by a broad wedge of numerous scales ; length to breadth, 3:1.2. Three stout, short, cylindrical, tapering, blunt arm-spines ; lengths to that of an under arm-plate, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 : .8. Tentacle-pores large, with one minute scale on lateral side of under arm-plate. The roots of the second pair of mouth-tentacles come low down, and thus seem framed by the surrounding hard parts. Color in alcohol, pale gray.
Station 299, 2,160 fathoms, 1 specimen.
Amphilepis papyracea sp. nov. Plate XVI. Figs. 429-431. Special Marks. — Disk thin and flat, with thin, fine scales. Three tapering, rather slender arm-spines, a little longer than an arm-joint. No tentacle-scale.
Radial shields nearly or quite separated their entire length. Description of an Individual (Station 198).— Diameter of disk 9 mm.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 35
Width of arm close to disk, without spines, 1.5 mm. Two wide, slender pointed mouth-papille on each side, standing high up on the jaws. Four teeth, the three upper ones flat and wide, with a curved cutting edge ; the lowest thicker and more conical. Mouth-shields flat and small, of a wide heart-shape with a rounded angle inward and outer edge rounded ; length to breadth .7: 1. Side mouth-shields wide without, where they enclose the corner of the mouth-shield, narrow and just meeting within. Under arm- plates pentagonal with inner angle slightly truncated, lateral sides re-enteringly curved, and outer edge straight. Side arm-plates with outer edge swollen ; meeting above, and nearly so below. Upper arm-plates thin and translucent, of a transverse oval shape, about twice as wide as long. Disk smooth, flat, angular and very thin, covered with small, thin, rounded, ill-defined scales, Radial shields with a vague outline, of a bent pear-seed shape, nearly touching without, separated within by an oval of five scales ; length to breadth 2.5: 1. Scaling on lower interbrachial space finer than that above. Three rather slender, bluntly pointed, tapering, cylindrical arm-spines, a little longer than an arm- joint, well up on the outer edge of side arm-plates. Tentacle-pores large, but without a scale. Color in alcohol, pale gray. Station 198, 2,150 fathoms, 1 specimen.
Amphilepis tenuis sp. nov. Plate XVI. Figs. 432 -434.
Special Marks. —QOne minute tentacle-scale. One mouth-papilla on each side.* Radial shields short and wide, and joined for half their length.
Description of an Individual (Station 237).— Diameter of disk 4 mm. Width of arm close to disk, without spines, .7 mm. One wide, pointed, some- what bent mouth-papilla high up on each side the mouth-angle, and a ‘pair, short, thick, and rounded, at the apex. Mouth-shields small, twice as broad as long, of a transverse diamond-shape, with rounded angles. Side mouth-shields three-sided, short and swollen, wider without, tapering rapidly within, where they scarcely meet. Under arm-plates broad pentagonal, with a short angle within, outer side nearly straight, and laterals slightly curved. The first plate is large and of a truncated wedge-form. Side arm-plates meeting broadly above and nearly touching below. Upper arm-plates twice as broad as long, of a nearly semicircular outline, with the curve inward. Disk flat and angular, covered with very thin scales; in centre of the disk is a rosette of six large ill- defined primary plates, each nearly surrounded by minute scales. Radial shields short, wide pear-seed shaped, joined for the outer half of their length, narrowly separated within by a wedge of small scales. Scaling on interbra- chial space below, much finer than that above. Three short, cylindrical, bluntly pointed arm-spines. One minute, rounded tentacle-scale, which easily falls off. Color in alcohol, faint greenish-gray.
Station 237, 1,875 fathoms, 1 specimen.
* Sometimes broken in two, as in the figure.
36 BULLETIN OF THE
Amphilepis norvegica? Lun.
Amphilepis norvegica. Of. Kong. Akad. Oph. Viv., 1866, p. 322.
Station 45, 1240 fathoms, 1 specimen. Station 46, 1350 fathoms, 3 specimens,
So far as one may judge, without having a proper series, these are the adult of Ljungman’s original. They have the disk as largeas9mm. ‘The radial shields are pretty large and separated, and there is no tentacle-scale.
:
OPHIACTIS. TABLE OF SPECIES HEREIN DESCRIBED.
Nore. — Following these descriptions will be found the species previously known and brought back by the “‘ Challenger,” namely, O. asperula, O carnea, O. Savignyi, and O Miilleri.
Skin thick and much obscuring the scaling and mouth-shields. Radial shields narrow and small, Five short, thick, blunt, flattened arm-spines.
} © resiliens. Disk-scales distinct and naked, without’ spines. Three stout, blunt, tapering, cylin- drical arm-spines. One large, flat mouth-papilla on each side. Teeth lobed. viel
arms.
Disk-scaling coarse, and with few or no spines. Three or four stout, blunt, tapering arm-spines. Two or three mouth-papillz on each side. Teeth lobed.
Disk-secales coarse, and set with numerous short spines. Radial shields short and } triangular. Four stout, cylindrical, tapering arm-spines. One mouth-papilla on each - O. nama, side. Five arms. j
Disk finely scaled, and set with short, minute spines. Radial shields small and pear- seed shaped. Four moderately stout, tapering arm-spines, the uppermost longest.} O. hirta. Two or three minute mouth-papillz on each side. Seven arms.
Disk-scales coarse and thick, with large radial shields. No spines, except a few near the margin. Four rather long and slender arm-spines, the upper one longest Two} O. poa- mouth-papillze on each side.
Disk-scales larger in centre, where primary plates may be distinguished in a rosette. No spines, or only an occasional minute one on the margin. Three or four rather long} O canotia. and tapering arm-spines. Two mouth-papillze on each side.
O flexuosa.
O. cuspidata,
Of the above seven species, the first belongs with the shallow-water type of O. Savignyt; the rest come under the type of O. Baili, whose species often inhabit the deep sea.
Ophiactis resiliens sp. nov.
Plate XIII. Figs. 362 - 364.
Special Marks. — Skin thick and much obscuring the scaling and mouth- shields. Radial shields narrow and small. Five short, thick, blunt, flattened arm-spines.
Description of an Individual (Port Jackson). — Diameter of disk 6.5 mm. Length of arm 38 mm. Width of arm near disk 1.5mm. Mouth-angle very small and short, carrying on either side two small, flat, squarish papille, and, at its apex, a third, rounded, with a minute point like the teeth. Mouth-shields small, of a transverse oval shape ; length to breadth .7: .5. Side mouth-shields rather small and curved, broader without than within, where they meet. Under arm-plates small and rounded, about as long as broad, having outer side curved and inner side with ill-marked angles. Side arm-plates projecting in a strong spine-ridge. Upper arm-plates flat, transverse oval in form, about twice as broad as long. Disk covered below by a thick, naked skin, and above by
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 37
fine, crowded, irregular, thin scales, of the smallest of which there are about 5 in the length of 1 mm. Those near the radial shields are much larger ; and there may be also obscurely distinguished six round primary plates, widely separated by the fine scaling. The disk margin is beset with minute, sharp, peg-like spines. Radial shields long and narrow, touching without, separated within by a narrow wedge of about three scales; length to breadth 1.3: .4. Five short, thick, blunt, flattened arm-spines, of which the uppermost is the stoutest, but not longer than the rest. One oval tentacle-scale. Color in alco- hol, above, olive green, mottled and banded with lighter ; below, yellowish brown, with under arm-plates and arm-spines marked with orange. Port Jackson, Australia, 30-35 fathoms, 1 specimen.
Ophiactis flexuosa sp. nov. Plate XIII. Figs. 347-349.
Special Marks. — Disk-scales distinct and naked, without spines. Three stout, blunt, tapering, cylindrical arm-spines. One large flat mouth-papilla on each side. Teeth lobed. Five arms.
Description of an Individual (Station 171).— Diameter of disk 7mm. Length of arm about 35mm. Width of arm near disk 2.3mm. Each side of the short, narrow mouth-angle is occupied by a single very large, wide, flat: papilla, while a third, standing under and resembling the teeth, is at the apex, and has a rounded figure, with a decided peak or little lobe within. Mouth-shield somewhat broader than long, of a rounded diamond-shape. Side mouth-shields rather broad, wider without than within where they meet. First under arm- plate small, and wider within than without; those beyond are narrow com- pared with the width of the arm, much rounded, ofa short transverse oval shape, with the inner side somewhat angular. Side arm-plates very wide, meeting neither above nor below, and having but a feeble lateral projection. Upper arm-plates broad and short, two and a half times as wide as long, of an elongated transverse diamond-form, sometimes with outer side so straight as nearly to be triangular. Disk without spines, and covered above with coarse, rounded, thick, overlapping scales, of which there are four or five radiating rows in the narrowest part of each interbrachial space. Below, the scales of the in- terbrachial space are much finer (4 or 5 in the length of 1 mm.), and regularly imbricated. Three short, stout, cylindrical, scarcely tapering arm-spines of nearly equal length, and about as long as one anda half joints; the upper spine stoutest. One large oval tentacle-scale. Color in alcohol, pale brown.
Station 171, 600 fathoms, 2 specimens. Station 142, 150 fathoms, 10 speci- mens, young ?
The ten specimens from Station 142, 150 fathoms, may be the young of this species. They have six arms, while O. flexuosa has but five, and are scarcely to be distinguished from O. plana; and the question arises whether O. plana be not a young animal. The so-called adult of O. Miilleri has five arms, and the young six. F
38 “BULLETIN OF THE
.
Ophiactis cuspidata sp. nov. Plate XIII. Figs. 359-361.
Special Marks. — Disk-scaling coarse, and with few or no spines. Three or four stout, blunt, tapering arm-spines. Two or three mouth-papille on each side. Teeth lobed.
Description of an Individual (Station 170).— Diameter of disk 5mm. Length of arm 25mm. Width of arm close to disk 1.3mm. ‘Two large, broad, flat mouth-papillz on each side, whereof the outer one is larger. Seven or eight large flat teeth, of a very wide heart-shape, and having a little lobe, or peak, within. Mouth-shields broader than long, wide heart-shape, or transverse diamond-shape, with rounded angles ; length to breadth .6:.8. Side mouth- shields stout, slightly curved, rather broad, meeting within, where they have a rounded end. First under arm-plate stout and rather large, wider within than without, and having re-enteringly curved lateral sides. The plates beyond are shield-shaped, widest without, and having a somewhat obtuse angle within. Outer side curved, lateral sides re-enteringly curved. Side arm-plates stout, nearly meeting above and below, and having a well-marked spine-crest. Upper arm-plates broader than long, of a wide, transverse diamond-shape, with the outer angle much rounded. Disk thick and covered above with large, rather swollen scales, whereof there are three lines in each interbrachial space ; in the centre are six large, somewhat angular, primary plates, separated by single lines of much smaller angular scales ; the lower interbrachial space is covered with fine, thickened scales, from 5 to 8 in the length of 1mm. Radial shields blunt pear- seed shape, swollen; nearly or quite separated by a wide wedge of two or three scales. Along margin of disk are a few small, peg-like spines. Four stout, smooth, tapering, regular arm-spines, the upper one longest ; lengths to that of a lower arm-plate 1.7, 1.1, 1, .7 : .6. One stout, nearly oval tentacle-scale. Color in alcohol, pale gray.
Station 170, 520 fathoms, 5 specimens. Station 171, 600 fathoms, 1 speci- men.
Ophiactis nama sp. nov. Plate XIII. Figs. 350-352.
Special Marks. — Disk-scales coarse, and set with numerous short spines. Radial shields short and triangular. Four stout, cylindrical, tapering arm- spines. One mouth-papilla on each side. Five arms.
Description of an Individual (Station 174). — Diameter of disk 6mm. Length of arm about 45 mm. Width of arm near disk 2.2mm. One large, wide, flat mouth-papilia at base of mouth-angle on each side, and one (which may be called the lowest tooth) at the apex ; this last is broad and rounded, with a minute peak within. Mouth-shields of a much rounded, transverse diamond- shape; length to breadth 8: 1.1. Side mouth-shields stout, nearly meeting
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 39
without, broader without than within, where they touch. First under arm- plate small and three-sided, wider within than without : those beyond are one half broader than long, with a curved outer side, and an irregular, more or less truncated angle within. Side arm-plates unusually wide, but not much pro- jecting, nearly meeting above and below. Upper arm-plates much wider than long, three-sided, with a faintly curved outer side, and an angle, sometimes trun- cated, within. Disk plentifully set with short, slender, cylindrical spines, and ‘covered with well-rounded overlapping scales, which are large above (2 or 3 in the length of 1 mm.), and more regular and much smaller below (4 or 5 in 1 mm.). Radial shields sunken, rudely triangular, short and wide, separated by a broad wedge of three or four large scales; length to breadth 1.2:1. Four cylindrical, tapering, blunt, rather stout arm-spines, the two upper ones largest and somewhat longer than an arm-joint. One large, oval tentacle-scale. Color in alcohol, pale straw.
Station 174, 210-610 fathoms, 1 specimen. Station 171, 600 fathoms, 1 specimen.
Ophiactis hirta sp. nov. Plate XIII. Figs. 365-367.
Special Marks. — Disk finely scaled, and set with short, minute spines. Radial shields small and pear-seed shaped. Four moderately stout tapering arm-spines, the uppermost longest. Two or three minute mouth-papille on each side. Seven arms.
Description of an Individual (Station 164%).— Diameter of disk 4.3 mm. Length of arm about 14 mm. Width of arm near disk 1.2mm. Two or three small, narrow, scale-like mouth-papille on either side of the very nar- row mouth-angle ; and one, wide, flat, and pointed, at the apex ; this last may, as in all similar cases, be considered the lowest tooth. Mouth-shields small, of a much rounded diamond-shape ; sometimes nearly circular. Side mouth-shields narrow, of nearly equal width, meeting within. Under arm-plates rather small, as broad as long, bounded without by a strong curve, and within by three sides of an octagon. Side arm-plates stout, projecting laterally in a well marked spine-ridge, meeting neither above nor below. Upper arm-plates a little broader than long, transverse oval, with the inner sides more or less angular. Disk covered with coarse, thickened, irregular scales, those of the under surface being sometimes wholly obscured by a thick skin ; those in the centre are largest, but the primary plates are not readily distinguishable ; there are small, peg-like spines scattered over the entire surface. There are seven pairs of radial shields, which are small, sunken below the disk-surface, of a blunt pear-seed shape, and separated by a rather wide wedge of three scales. Four smooth, rounded, tapering, moderately stout arm-spines ; the upper one longest; lengths to that of an under arm-plate, 1,.8, .7,.7:.5. One stout, oval _tentacle-scale. Color in alcohol, gray mottled with pale brown.
Station 164%, 400 fathoms, 1 specimen.
40 BULLETIN OF THE
Ophiactis poa sp. nov. Plate XIII. Figs. 356-358.
Special Marks. — Disk-scales coarse and thick, with large radial shields; no spines except a few near the margin. Four rather long and slender arm-spines, the upper one longest. 'Two mouth-papille on each side.
Description of an Individual (off Tristan d’Acunha).— Diameter of disk 5mm. Length of arm about 30mm. Width of arm near disk 1mm. On each side of the short narrow mouth-angle are two rather large, squarish, flat papille, of which the outer one is broader ; at the apex is usually a very small heart-shaped papilla, similar in shape to the larger teeth above it. ‘Mouth- shields much wider than long, of a rounded transverse heart-shape ; the inner sides a little re-enteringly curved. Side mouth-shields of nearly equal width, meeting broadly within. Under arm-plates wide shield-shaped, bounded without by a broad curve, within by an obtuse or truncated angle, and on the lateral sides by re-entering curves. Side arm-plates nearly meeting above and below, not very wide, but projecting in a well-marked spine-crest. Upper arm-plates broader than long, fan-shaped with an obtuse angle inward. Disk covered with coarse, overlapping scales ; those below regular and smaller, about 4 in the length of 1 mm.; those above much larger and more irregular; in the centre an irregular rosette of large, rounded plates, and in each interbrachial space about three radiating rows of elongated scales. The disk margin is sparsely set with small peg-like spines, Radial shields large, of an angular pear- seed shape, separated wholly by a narrow wedge of two or three scales ; length to breadth 1.5: 1. Four slender, cylindrical tapering arm-spines, the upper- most longest ; lengths to that of an under arm-plate 1.2, .8, .8, .8 : .5. One large, oval tentacle-scale. Color in alcohol, pale gray.
Off Tristan d’Acunha, 1,000 fathoms, 2 specimens. Off Tristan d’Acunha, 500 fathoms, 10 specimens. Both Station 135.
Ophiactis canotia sp. nov. Plate XIII. Figs. 353-355.
Special Marks. — Disk-scales larger in centre, where primary plates may be distinguished in a rosette ; no spines, or only an occasional minute one on the margin. Three or four rather long and tapering arm-spines. Two mouth-pa- pille on each side.
Description of an Individual (Station 73).— Diameter of disk 5.5 mm. Length of arm about 17mm. Width of arm near disk 1.8mm. Two flat, rather large, squarish mouth-papille on each side of the narrow mouth-angle, and one at the apex, similar in form to the teeth, which are broad heart-shape with a peak within. Mouth-shields wider than long, broad heart-shaped with a rounded angle within, or wide transverse, rounded diamond-shaped. Side mouth-shields rather narrow, of about equal width, meeting fully within. First under arm-plate small and wider within than without ; those beyond are wide shield-shaped, bounded without by a curve, on the lateral sides by re-entering
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 41
curves, and within by an obtuse or truncated angle. Side mouth-shields of moderate width, nearly meeting above and below, and having a well-marked spine-crest. Upperarm-plates broad, transverse diamond-shaped, with outer and inner angles rounded. Disk covered with rather thick overlapping scales, which are finest below, near the mouth-shields, where there are about 7 in the length of 1 mm. Above, the centre is occupied by a rosette of two circles of large rounded plates partially separated by a few small scales. Radial shields ‘short, wide pear-seed shaped, separated their entire length by a narrow wedge of three scales. On interbrachial spaces below, a few minute, peg-like spines. Four short, cylindrical, tapering, blunt arm-spines, all stout, especially the lower ones ; upper spine longest, and about as long as one and a half joints, One large oval tentacle-scale. Color in alcohol, pale straw. Station 73, 1,000 fathoms, 2 specimens.
Ophiactis asperula Lrx.
Ophiactis asperula. Addit. ad Hist. Oph., Pt. II., 1859, p. 130.
Ophiactis magellanica Ljn. Of. Kong. Akad. Oph. Viv., 1866, p. 325.
Station 308, 175 fathoms, 1 specimen. Station 311, 245 fathoms, 1 specimen. Station 312, 10-15 fathoms, 12+ specimens. Station 315, 5-12 fathoms, 7 specimens.
Ophiactis carnea Lun.
Ophiactis carnea. Of. Kong. Akad. Oph. Viv., 1866, p- 324. Station, Simon’s Bay, Cape of Good Hope, 10-20 fathoms, 4 specimens.
Ophiactis Savignyi Ln.
Ophiactis Savignyi. Of. Kong. Akad. Oph. Viv., 1866, p. 323. Station 208, 18 fathoms, 1 specimen. Zanzibar, 10 fathoms, 2 specimens.
Ophiactis Miilleri Lrx.
Ophiactis Miilleri. Vid. Meddel., Jan. 1856, p. 12. Off Bahia, Brazil, 7-20 fathoms, 2 specimens, var. quinqueradia. Station 122, 350 fathoms, 2 specimens.
OPHIOSTIGMA Lrx. Ophiostigma africanum. Plate XIII. Figs. 368-370.
Special Marks.— Arms more than eight times the diameter of disk. Outer mouth-papille very wide. Radial shields long, narrow, and joined. Description of an Individual (Cape de Verde Isl.). -— Diameter of disk 2.2 mm.
42 BULLETIN OF THE
Length of arm 18 mm, Width of arm near disk.6mm. Three mouth- papilla on each side of a mouth-angle, whereof the two inner ones are small, short, and almost conical, while the outer is straight and very wide, extending from the first under arm-plate about two thirds the length of an angle. Mouth- shields three-sided, with rounded angles, bounded without by a curve, and within by a rounded angle ; length to breadth, .2: .8. Side mouth-shields wide, a little broader without than within, where they fully meet. Under arm-plates small, pentagonal, with outer side nearly straight, lateral sides a little re-enteringly curved, and an angle within. Side arm-plates nearly meet- ing above and below, and having a thick, low, spine-crest. Upper arm-plates small, irregular transverse oval, with the inner curve deeper than the outer. Disk rather thick, standing nearly clear of the arms, as is usual in the genus : covered with fine, thin, nearly equal, indistinct scales, whereof most are rounded, but some, near the centre, are angular: there are about 12 in the length of 1mm. where they are finest. Along margin of disk are minute, peg-like, scattered spines, which are not: jointed at the base. Radial shields long, nar- row, and closely joined ; length to breadth, .6: .2. At their outer ends are visible the points of the genital plates, in two little lobes. Three stout, equal, peg-like, very short arm-spines, standing nearly at right angles with the arm. Two minute, longer than broad tentacle-scales standing diagonally with the arm-plate. Color in alcohol, nearly white.
St. Vincent, Cape de Verde Islands, 7 specimens.
O. africanum differs from O. isacanthum in having longer arms, and longer, narrower radial shields ; and from O. formosa by its wide outer mouth-papilla and longer arms.
OPHIOPHOLIS Mixt & TRoscu.
Ophiopholis japonica sp. nov. Plate XIII. Figs. 374-36.
Special Marks. — Upper disk covered with thin scales and large radial shields, neither of which have grains or spines, except the marginal scales. Five stout, cylindrical, tapering arm-spines.
Description of an Individual (Station 236).— Diameter of disk 10 mm. Length of arm about 40mm. Width of arm without spines near disk 2.7 mm. Three or four small, irregular, flat, scale-like mouth-papille on each side, and a flat clump of short, bead-like tooth-papillee at apex of mouth-angle. Mouth- shields and side mouth-shields somewhat obscured by thick skin. The former are transverse oval, much wider than long ; length to breadth .8:1.3. Side mouth-shields small and short, with rounded ends, rather wider within than without, and somewhat bent. Under arm-plates a little wider than long, slightly separated, and with rounded corners. Side arm-plates closely soldered with their neighbors, meeting neither above nor below, rising laterally
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 43
in astrong spine-ridge. Upper arm-plates transverse oval, twice as broad as long, slightly swollen, each surrounded by a single line of rounded granules, which are broader than long. Disk round and thick, with a flat top, covered with thin, variously shaped scales, which, near the margin, are obscured by thick skin; those of the centre small, round, and arranged in a rosette ; those farther out, larger and elongated, arranged in three or four rows between the radial shields in the interbrachial spaces, where they are beset with a few scattered - grains, which at the margin become much more numerous and larger, and appear as very short spines. Interbrachial spaces below covered with a few grain-like spines. Radial shields large, pear-seed shaped, much longer than wide, separated usually by a line of two large and two smiall scales. Genital openings large and extending about two thirds the distance to the margin, Five, rarely six, stout cylindrical, blunt, tapering arm-spines, whereof the second and third are stoutest, and as long as one and a half arm-joints. One, and on the first two joints sometimes two, small, rounded tentacle-scales. At tip of arm are four slender spines, of which the lowest takes the form of a flat, long, three-toothed hook, as elsewhere in this genus. Color in alcohol, above, light pink ; below, pale straw.
Prof. P. Martin Duncan has recently published (Linnean Soc. Journ. Zool., XIV. 460, 479) an Ophiuran, Ophiolepis mirabilis, of which he re- marks: “This common species has the disk of Ophiolepis as diagnosed by Miiller and Troschel, that is to say, the scales, which are of good size, and the large radial shields, are environed by rows of small scales as by belts. But the upper arm-plates have also the supplementary rows of small scales around them, and there are also large accessory side pieces. Moreover, there are hooks on the side arm-plates. This mixture of Ophiolepian and Ophiopholian characters is very interesting ; and this species, I consider, renders the abolition of Ophio- pholis as a genus inevitable.”
The meaning of this passage is not quite clear, because Miiller and Troschel (Syst. d. Asterid., p. 89) diagnosed, not the whole genus, but only the first sec- tion of it, as having belts of scales round the disk plates (e. g. 0. cincta). To this section Ophiolepis has been restricted. The third section they described as having spines on the scales. This last is Ophiopholis, a genus now rec- ognized as quite remote from the true Ophiolepis, which stands nearer Ophio- glypha, Pectinura, &c., while Ophiopholis approaches the Amphiure through Ophiactis asperula. It is evident that Ophiolepis mirabilis is a true Ophiopholis, lacking none of its characters, and standing quite near the typical O. aculeata. The fact that certain small scales surround larger ones is not here of generic importance, and probably results from the young stage of the specimen, which, to judge from the figures, had a disk not exceeding 4 mm. in diameter. Ophio- phos japonica differs from the old species as well as from O. mirabilis in its more slender arm-spines, and in having the radial shields and much of the upper disk free of grains or spines.
Station 235, 565 fathoms, 1 specimen. Station 236, 420-775 fathoms, 3 specimens,
44 BULLETIN OF THE
OPHIOCHONDRUS Lym. Ophiochondrus stelliger.
Plate XIII. Figs. 371-3173.
Special Marks. — Disk finely and evenly granulated on both sides. Four slender arm-spines, whereof the uppermost is much the longest.
Description of an Individual (Station 320), — Diameter of disk5mm. Length of arm16mm. Width of arm near disk 1.3mm. Three mouth-papille on each side, whereof the two outer are flattened and squarish, while the inner- most is stout, rounded, tapering, and peg-like. Apex of mouth-angle occupied by the lowest tooth, which sometimes is represented by two blunt, spiniform papille similar to their next neighbor. Four rather narrow teeth, which sometimes are almost spiniform, but usually are flattened. Mouth-shields much wider than long, with a well-marked obtuse angle inward and the outer side gently curved ; length to breadth,.7 : 1.1. Side mouth-shields long, rather narrow, of nearly equal width, slightly curved, and fully meeting within. First under arm-plate small, longer than broad, hexagonal, with rounded corners ; the plates beyond are rather small, wider than long, bounded without by a broad curve, and within by an obtuse angle ; the lateral sides are very short, or are confounded in the outer curve. Side arm-plates small, somewhat wider than long, fan-shaped, with inner angle rounded. Disk rather thick, finely and uniformly granulated above and below, about 17 grains in the length of 1 mm. Four cylindrical, tapering, rather slender arm-spines, whereof the uppermost is longest : lengths to that of an arm-joint, 1.1, .6, .5,.4: .6. One small, narrow tentacle-scale. Color in alcohol, straw.
Station 320, 600 fathoms, 7 specimens.
OPHIOCONIS Lrx.
Ophioconis antarctica sp. nov. Plate XIV. Figs. 380-382.
Special Marks. — Seven slender, cylindrical, tapering arm-spines, the two upper ones longest. One large tentacle-scale. Disk closely granulated, except mouth-shield ; 5 or 6 grains in the length of 1 mm.
Description of an Individual (Station 150).— Diameter of disk 13 mm. Length of arm about 60 mm. Width of arm at base, without spines, 2 mm. There are to each angle of the mouth twelve or fourteen papille, of which the innermost are slender and pointed, while the outer one on either side is broad and squarish ; at the apex there is a cluster of four or five, which properly might be called tooth-papille. Five or six rather narrow, flat, blunt teeth, whereof the lowest is often split in two. Mouth-shields broad triangular, with a blunt angle inward and outer edge nearly straight ; they are more or less obscured by granules, which completely hide the side mouth-shields. These
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 45
are small, longer than wide, and broader without than within, where they nearly or quite meet. Under arm-plates much broader than long, pentagonal, with a blunt inner angle, outer edge slightly curved, and laterals re-enteringly curved. Side arm-plates somewhat projecting, nearly meeting below, but well separated above by the thick, broad, somewhat arched upper arm-plates, which are wide fan-shaped, with a blunt angle inward. Under the microscope they appear minutely tuberculous, while the lower plates are ornamented with wavy ‘lines. Disk thick and nearly round, completely covered with coarse, rounded granules, 5 or 6in the length of 1 mm. on the upper surface, and more scattered below. The underlying scales are extremely thin and smooth. Genital open- ings long, extending from outer corners of mouth-shield nearly or quite to the margin of disk. Seven long, smooth, cylindrical, tapering arm-spines, the two upper ones as long as three or four arm-joints ; the others somewhat shorter. One long, wide tentacle-scale, with a rounded point occupying the lateral side of the under arm-plate. Color in alcohol, nearly white.
Station 150, 150 fathoms, 12-+- specimens. Off Prince Edward Isl., 85-150 fathoms, 12+; specimens. Off Marion Isl., 50-75 fathoms, 12-+ specimens.
Ophioconis pulverulenta sp. nov.
Special Marks. — Disk finely, closely, and evenly granulated, with about 14 grains in the length of 1mm. Eight or nine Jong, delicate, somewhat flattened arm-spines, the three uppermost longest, and nearly equal. Two tentacle- scales. |
Description of an Individual (Station 172).— Diameter of disk 12 mm. Length of arm about 55mm. Width of arm close to disk, without spines, 3.2mm. Ten small, short, close-set, pointed mouth-papille on each side of the mouth-angle, and one somewhat stouter at the apex ; the two outermost are broadest and most rounded. Mouth-shields large, as broad as long, of a rounded heart-shape. Side mouth-shields stout and wide, broader without than within, where they do not meet. Both they and the mouth-shields are more or less covered by a granulation, which, as well as that of the disk, is © liable to be rubbed off. Under arm-plates axe-shaped, much broader without, where the edge is curved, and with deep re-entering curves on the lateral sides. Side arm-plates thin and microscopically corrugated. Upper arm-plates thin, with a central ridge, about twice as broad as long, much wider without than within, with sharp outer lateral corners and straight sides. Disk round and quite thick closely and evenly covered with minute granules, 12 or 14 in the length of 1mm. Underneath these granules there are fine uniform, overlapping scales, about 5 in the length of 1 mm., among which the radial shields cannot be dis- tinguished. Eight or nine long, slender, tapering, flattened arm-spines, whereof the three uppermost are about 2.3 mm. long and nearly equal, and the other five or six from 2 mm, to1.7 mm. long. Two long, thin, nearly oval tentacle-scales, which are two thirds as long as an under arm-plate. Color in alcohol, pale straw.
46 BULLETIN OF THE
Station 172, 240 fathoms, 1 specimen.
This species stands very close to O. miliaria of the West Indies, and comes from a similar depth. It seems sufficiently distinguished by the arm-spines, which are more numerous by one or two, and more flattened, showing even a feeble tendency to become spatulate.
.
OPHIOMYCES Lym.
Ophiomyces grandis sp. nov. Plate XIV. Figs. 383 - 385.
Special Marks. —¥Eleven sharp, flat arm-spines, set along the whole upper and side edge of the plate, and growing longer from above down to the ninth. Basal under arm-plates, large and squarish, and bearing three long spatula-like tentacle-scales. - .
Description of an Individual (off Tristan d’Acunha).— Diameter of disk 6.5 mm. Length of arm about 25mm. Width of arm near disk 2.2mm. Four or five broad, flat teeth, with a curved, cutting edge; the lowest one being much the narrowest. Below these, and still on the jaw-plate, are three spini- form tooth-papille. Then, from apex of mouth-angle, there radiate, on each side, two rows of long, flattened mouth-papille, which completely hide the underlying parts ; each row has five or six papille, of which the innermost one is spiniform, resembling a tooth-papilla ; those beyond, more or less spatula- shaped, grow progressively larger and wider, until the outermost has almost a fan-shape ; all incline more or less downward and outward, so that they overlap, tile fashion. On cutting away the mouth-papille, a small mouth-shield, of an irregular, short diamond-shape, may be seen, together with small triangular side mouth-shields, which nearly meet within. Length of mouth-shield to breadth .7:.7. The jaws are long, narrow, and slender, with very large sockets at their base for the second pair of mouth-tentacles. The first under arm-plate is minute, triangular, and difficult to distinguish ; the second very narrow, closely soldered with surrounding parts, and with deep re-entering curves on the lateral sides ; the fourth plate is four-sided, about as broad as long, much wider without than within, and with deep re-entering curves on the lateral sides ; length to breadth .6:.7. Side arm-plates separated below, meeting narrowly above, not swollen, but clean cut and flaring outward. Upper arm- plates twice and a half as broad as long, shaped like segments of a circle, with a clean curve outward ; near tip of arm they are nearly as long as wide, and form a pointed curve, while the side arm-plates are but slightly flaring and meet above on a line as long as the upper plate. The disk was much torn (as usually is the case), but evidently was covered above and below with fine scales, about 4 in the length of 1 mm., whereof many bore minute, peg-like spines. Eleven arm-spines, increasing rapidly in length from the first to the ninth, then diminishing ; the upper ones are slender, sharp, and little flattened ; the lower ones are broad, flat, sharp, and shaped like a bronze sword ; lengths to
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. AT
that of an under arm-plate, .2, .3, .3, .3, .5, .7, .8, 1, 1.2,.7,.7: .7. The basal under arm-plates, as far as the fifth or sixth, bear on each lateral side three long, flat, spatula-like tentacle-scales, which project over the pore; for some distance beyond there are but two such scales, while a third, trowel-shaped, stands on the edge of the side arm-plate. One third out on the arm there re- mains only the large trowel-shaped scale. Color in alcohol, pale gray. Station, off Tristan d’Acunha, 1000 fathoms, 2 specimens.
- The peculiar twisting upward of the arms and disk of Ophiomyces is explained by the absence of radial shields, a want not yet observed in any other genus. It seems, then, that one function of radial shields is to keep the disk in shape, somewhat like the action of the sticks of an umbrella.
Ophiomyces spathifer. Plate XIV. Figs. 386-388".
Special Marks. — Outer mouth-papille large and paddle-shaped. One flat, rounded tentacle-scale. Ten flattened arm-spines of various shapes, whereof the two lowest are borne on the under arm-plate.
Description of an Individual (Station 235).— Diameter of disk 3.5 mm. Width of arm next disk 1.2mm. Three short, narrow, slightly flattened, peg- like teeth, carried on a thick, lumpy jaw-plate, which also bears two long, flat, narrow, spatula-like tooth-papille. On either side of the mouth-angle are two radiating rows, each of about six long, flattened papille, which are imbricated and point downward and outward, so that the entire mouth-angle is hidden by them ; the inner ones are narrow and spatula-like, but outwards they grow rapidly larger, so that the outermost are wide paddle-shaped, or even fan-shaped, their length to extreme breadth being.7: .5. Mouth-shields shaped like a long, sharp, narrow lance-head. Side mouth-shields three-sided, delicate, separated as by a wedge by the mouth-shield, which extends inward considerably beyond them. Within, and indistinctly separated from the side mouth-shields, project the long jaws. These parts are all hidden, and can be seen only by cutting away the mouth-papillz. Under arm-plates small, with re-enteringly curved lateral sides, wider without, where they area little swollen, than within, separated by the side arm-plates, which meet narrowly both above and below, and are highest and most flaring at their outer edge. Upper arm-plates minute (sometimes apparently wanting), twice as long as broad, and appearing like little swellings just outside the juncture of the side arm-plates. The larger part of upper sur- face of arm is thus left uncovered, so that the arm-bones and their muscular bundles may be seen. Disk (as usual in the genus) distorted and pushed up- ward, covered uniformly with minute, thin, translucent, flat scales, without spines; there are about 13 inthe length of 1mm. Ten arm-spines, of which the three highest are equal, slender, narrow and tapering, and as long as any; the next two are of about the same length, but broad and flat, with rounded ends ; the next three similar, but shorter ; the two lowest spatula-like, with ends cut Square off, and carried, not on the side arm-plate, but widely spaced on the
48 BULLETIN OF THE
outer part of the under arm-plate ; lengths to that of an arm-joint, .5, .5, .5, .5, .5, .4, .4, .3, .8,.3 : .5. One flat, short, wide tentacle-scale, broader without than within, and, like many of the arm-spines and mouth-papille, microscopi- cally striated. Color in alcohol, disk, gray ; arms, straw.
Station 235, 565 fathoms, 3 specimens in bad condition.
PECTINURA Forses.
Pectinura arenosa sp. nov. Plate XIV. Figs. 392-394.
Special Marks. — Nine to eleven short arm-spines. Disk uniformly granu- lated, with about 8 grains in 1 mm. long. No water-pores between under arm-plates.
Description of an Individual (Station 162).— Diameter of disk 10 mm. Length of arm about 42mm. Width of arm close to disk2mm. Fifteen short, stout, pointed, crowded mouth-papille, the three outermost being some- what the widest. Mouth-shields rounded triangular, about as broad as long, with a blunt angle inward and outer side straight. Supplementary shield semicircular, and about two thirds as large as the true shield. Side mouth- shields very small, and short, occupying part of the outer angles of mouth- shield, and widely separated within. First under arm-plate wide and large, and nearly semicircular though the inner side is not quite straight ; those be- yond are as broad as long. There are no water-pores between the plates. Side arm-plates flat and not swollen, separated above and below. Upper arm- plates short rounded oval; somewhat broader than long. Disk somewhat angular and slightly swollen, closely covered above and below, except the mouth-shields and side mouth-shields, with a fine granulation, about 8 grains in the length of 1 mm. Genital openings extending from mouth-shield about two thirds the distance to the margin. Nine to eleven short, stout, somewhat flattened peg-like arm-spines, all about half as long as the side arm-plate, except the lowest, which equals it. Two small rounded tentacle-scales on the side arm-plate, whereof that on the interbrachial side overlaps the base of the lowest arm-spines. Color in alcohol, disk pale yellowish brown, above ; arms darker, with irregular belts of black and yellowish brown.
Station 162, 38 fathoms, 6 specimens. This species stands between P. spinosa and P. infernalis.
Pectinura heros sp. nov. Plate XIV. Figs. 389-391.
Special Marks. — Three very short arm-spines, low down on the side arm- plate. No pores between lower arm-plates.
Description of an Individual (Station 191).— Diameter of disk 22 mm. Length of arm about 100 mm. Width of arm close to disk without spines
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 49
4mm. Fifteen small, close-set mouth-papille to each angle, whereof the two or three outer ones on each side are flat, rounded, and larger than the rest, which are pointed ; there are two just under the teeth, and sometimes two supplementary below and outside these. Mouth-shields long heart-shaped, with a rounded angle within ; length to breadth 3: 2.2. Sometimes a rudimentary supplementary piece may be seen, just outside. Side mouth-shields three- cornered and small, oceupying only the outer corners of the mouth-shield. Under arm-plates about as wide as long, bounded without by a curve, within by a truncated angle, and laterally by re-entering curves. Side arm-plates short, with rounded edges, meeting neither above nor below. Upper arm- plates broad, highly arched, closely overlapping, with outer and inner edges nearly straight. Disk flat and angular, closely and evenly covered with very fine granules, 7 or 8 in the length of 1 mm., except the radial shields and one or more plates along the margin. “Radial shields egg-shaped, longer than broad, with outer and inner ends much rounded ; length to breadth 3.7:2. Lower interbrachial space covered by same granulation as above, extending even to the mouth-angle, but not on mouth-shields. Genital opening long, extending from mouth-shield to margin of disk. Three short, small, blunt arm-spines standing low on the side arm-plate, and about half as long as a joint. One round tentacle-scale. Color in alcohol white.
Station 191, 800 fathoms, 1 specimen.
This species stands as near P. stellata as to any ; there are, however, no pores between the under arm-plates, and but three short arm-spines. The only oc- casional presence of rudimentary supplementary mouth-shields points once more to the very close connection between Ophiopeza and Pectinura.
Pectinura maculata Vit.
Pectinura maculata. Proc. Bost. Soc. N. H., XII., 1869, p. 388. Queen Charlotte’s Sound, New Zealand, 10 fathoms, 5 specimens.
Pectinura rigida Lym.
Pectinura rigida. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., I11. 10, 1874, p. 224. Fiji Islands, 2 specimens.
Pectinura stellata Lrx.
Pectinura stellata. Addit. ad Hist. Oph., Pt. III., 1869, p. 33. Station 208, 18 fathoms, 1 specimen,
Pectinura gorgonia Lrr.
Pectinura gorgonia. Addit. ad Hist. Oph., Pt. III., 1869, p. 33. Fiji Islands, 1 specimen. VOL. VI. NO. 2. 4
50 BULLETIN OF THE
OPHIOPEZA PETERS.
Ophiopeza aster sp. nov. Plate XIV. Figs 395-397.
Special Marks. — Disk densely and finely granulated above and below, in- cluding the mouth-angle.
Description of an Individual (Station 142).— Diameter of disk, 11 mm, Length of arm, 33mm. Width of arm close to disk, 2mm, Teeth narrow, sharp and lanceolate ; the two lowest usually split in two. The apex is occu- pied by a bunch of three or four short, crowded, spiniform tooth-papille ; and on each side of the mouth-angle is a close line of small mouth-papille, whereof the inner ones are bead-like, while the two outermost are wider and somewhat flattened. The small, rounded mouth-shields and the.side mouth-shields are completely covered by a close granulation. First under arm-plate about half as large as those beyond, of a heart-shape, with the point inward ; the rest are rather small, somewhat broader than long, much wider without than within, having the outer side curved, lateral sides re-enteringly curved and a truncated angle within. Side arm-plates small, clinging close to arm, widely separated above, nearly meeting below. Upper arm-plates four-sided, twice as broad as long, much wider without than within, with outer side gently curved and lat- erals straight. Disk pentagonal, flat, densely and uniformly covered with an extremely fine granulation, 20 or 25 grains in the length of 1 mm.; this gran- ulation extends over the entire mouth angle quite to the bases of the mouth- papilla. Six very short arm-spines, growing longer from above downward ; the upper ones are rounded and peg-like ; the lowest ones somewhat flattened, and scarcely more than half as long as a joint. One oval tentacle-scale. Color in alcohol, light greenish gray.
Station 142, 150 fathoms, 6 specimens.
OPHIOTHRIX Mitt. & Troscu.
Ophiothrix aristulata sp. nov. Plate XV. Figs. 421-424.
Special Marks. — Ten moderately stout, feebly thorny, scarcely tapering arm- spines. Disk, except the large radial shields, densely set with short, slightly rough spines.
Description of an Individual (Station 142).—— Diameter of disk 14 mm. Width of arm near disk 3mm. There are about thirty tooth-papille which are pointed, and are arranged, as ysual, in a vertical oval, the exterior line on either side composed of ten or eleven longer ones, while a similar number of shorter ones, arranged in twos at the centre, and in a single line above and be- low, fill closely the middle space. Three short, thick, squarish teeth. Mouth-
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 51
shield well marked, of a transverse diamond-shape, with rounded corners. Side mouth-shields thick and slightly swollen, rather wide, nearly or quite meeting within, tapering gently inward. Under arm-plates somewhat wider than long, with a wide curve without, short re-enteringly curved laterals, and straight inner laterals sloping towards the median line. Side arm-plates presenting a moderately prominent spine-crest. Upper arm-plates wider than long, slightly overlapping, of a transverse diamond-shape, with corners rounded or truncated ; each plate has a median ridge, which gives to the upper arm a carinate look. Disk thick and strongly lobed in the interbrachial spaces ; its upper surface occupied chiefly by large radial shields, which are long triangular, with a length to breadth of 5:3 ; they unite without, where each has a lobe projecting over the arm, separated within by a narrow wedge of scales bearing one or two rows of short, slightly rough spines: similar but somewhat longer spines densely clothe the centre and interbrachial spaces, passing over the margin and investing the outer portion of the naked surface below ; the longest spines are 1.7 mm. Ten moderately stout, scarcely sapering, somewhat flattened, translucent arm- spines, bearing feeble thorns on their edges; the uppermost and lowest are minute, the rest diminish in length from the third downward ; lengths to that of an under arm-plate, .8, 3.6, 4.6, 3.6, 3, 3, 2.6,2,1,.8:1. The first tentacle- pore has no scales ; those beyond have a minute lip-like one in the angle of the under and side arm-plates. Color in alcohol, above, pale purplish pink, the side arm-plates and outer edges of radial shields marked with darker ; below, much paler.
Station 142, 150 fathoms, 12+ specimens. Station 161 (var. with coarser spines), 38 fathoms, 2 specimens. Station 163 (var.), 120 fathoms, 5 speci- mens.
The species is readily distinguished from O. capensis by lacking the black stripe on the arm, and by having arm-spines serrated their whole length.
Ophiothrix capillaris sp. nov.
Plate XIV. Figs. 401-404.
Special Marks.— Very large, with nine very delicate, translucent arm-spines, whereof the upper ones are extremely long. Disk set with minute stumps, which are few and scattered on the large radial shields.
Description of an Individual (Station 204).— Diameter of disk 22 mm. Width of arm near disk, 4.8 mm. The vertical oval has over fifty tooth-papille of various sizes, those in the lower half being minute, crowded, and grain-like, while those on the margin of the upper half are large and thiek, and project beyond the median papilla. Four flat teeth, with rounded cutting edge ; the uppermost and lowest narrowest. Mouth-shields small, much broader than long, bounded’ by a gentle curve without and an obtuse angle within ; length to breadth .8 : 1.8. Under arm-plates small, narrow, about as long as broad, eight-sided, with angles mofe or less rounded and lateral sides a little re-enter- ingly curved. Side arm-plates with a well-marked spine-ridge. Upper arm-
52 BULLETIN OF THE
plates about as broad as long, of a short diamond-shape, with angles rounded, rising on the median line ina low ridge and microscopically tuberculous. Disk round and flat, scarcely lobed in interbrachial spaces, more or less closely heset above and below with minute stumps bearing an irregular crown of thorns; on the radial ‘shields they are much more scattered, smaller, and less thorny, and next the genital openings there are none, The radial shields, whose out- lines are distinguishable through their covering, are triangular and very large, _ with a small lobe where they unite over the arm ; inwardly they diverge, and sometimes again bend together so as nearly or quite to reunite; length to breadth 9: 4.5. On joints next disk there are nine slender, glassy, translucent, slightly flattened feebly thorny spines, whereof the uppermost are extremely long and elegant; those below progressively shorter ; lengths to that of an under arm-- plate, 15.5, 15, 13, 9, 7, 6, 5, 3,1.7: 1.7. One small, blade-like tentacle-scale in the angle of the under and side arm-plates. Color in alcohol, above, pale brownish pink ; below, very pale yellowish brown ; along upper side of arm is a wide, brown stripe, whose edges are darkest.
Station 204, 100-115 fathoms, 3 specimens. Cebu ; 100 fathoms.
O. capillaris belongs near O. comata and O, Suensonii. It has an arm-stripe like that of the former, but has little stumps on the disk instead of hair-like spines.
Ophiothrix berberis sp. nov. Plate XV. Figs. 425-428.
Special Marks. —Seven short, blunt, much flattened, strongly toothed arm- spines. Radial shields and interbrachial spaces below nearly or quite naked. Rest of disk set with short stumps bearing a crown of thorns.
Description of an Individual (Station 192). — Diameter of disk 9mm. Width of arm near disk 2.6mm. Length of arm about 58mm. The vertical oval has about seventeen stout, blunt, nearly equal tooth-papilla, whereof the mar- ginal ones are scarcely longer than those in the middle. Three squarish, rather thin teeth. Mouth-shields broader than long, with an obtuse angle inward and a gentle curve without ; length to breadth, 1 : 1.5. Side mouth-shields rather narrow, slightly swollen, wider without than within, where they scarcely meet. First under arm-plate unusually large, nearly equalling the second, squarish, with rounded corners and an obtuse angle within. The plates increase in size to the seventh, which is broader than long, bounded without by a wide curve, and within by a truncated angle ; length to breadth .7 : 1.1. Side arm-plates furnished with a low thick spine ridge. Upper arm-plates transverse diamond- shaped, overlapping, having outer angle rounded and inner one truncated ; length to breadth .7 : 1.4. Disk rather flat, lobed in the interbrachial spaces, which, below, are nearly naked, as are the radial shields, while the remainder of the upper disk is densely covered with short, minute stumps, each bearing a crown of three or four thorns, or, rarely, a fork of two longer thorns. Radial shields long triangular, just touching without, diverging gently inward ; length to breadth 2.7 : 1:7. Seven, short, blunt, much flattened arm-spines, bearing
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 53
strong thorns on their edges; the second one is longest, and those below grow gradually shorter ; lengths to that of an under arm-plate, 2.3, 3.5, 2.5, 2.2, 1.7, 1.5,.7.:.7. One minute tentacle-scale. Color in alcohol, above, disk pale greenish gray, arms of a faint pink.
Station 192, 129 fathoms, 1 specimen. Station, Cebu, Philippines, 95 - 100 fathoms, 1 specimen.
Ophiothrix csespitosa sp. nov.
Special Marks. — Nine short, stout, much flattened, strongly toothed arm- spines. The puffed disk and small radial shields are set with short spines. Upper arm-plates transverse diamond-shaped, with lateral angles sharp.
- Description of an Individual (Port Jackson).— Diameter of disk 7 mm. Length of arm 28 mm. Width of arm near disk 1.5. The vertical oval has about sixteen stout, blunt, nearly equal tooth-papille, whereof four or five are on the median line, and nearly as large as those on the margin. Four rather thin, squarish teeth, with a cutting edge making an obtuse angle. Mouth- shields small, closely joined to surrounding parts, broader than long, of a trans- verse, rounded oval shape, having a curve without and a very blunt, obtuse angle within. Side mouth-shields narrow, wider without than within, where they meet. Under arm-plates with ill-marked outlines of a rude, transverse oval form, with a curve without, lateral sides a little indented and the inner side vaguely angular. Side arm-plates with a low spine ridge. Upper arm-plates much wider than long, transverse diamond-shape, with lateral angles sharp and the outer one rounded ; length to breadth .5 : 1.1. Disk thick, and pufted in the interbrachial spaces, thickly set near the margin with short, stout, stump~ like spines rough at ends and sides, the longest .5 mm. in length. Towards the centre the spines grow fewer, and the middle region has scarcely any, so that the rounded overlapping scaling is conspicuous ; next the mouth-shields, also, there are no spines. Radial shields small and triangular, much obscured by the short spines. Nine short, translucent, rather stout, blunt, flattened arm- spines, bearing pretty strong thorns on their edges ; lengths to that of an under arm-plate, .8, 1.5, 1.8, 1.7, 1.3, 1.1, .9, .7,.4 : .5. One minute tentacle-scale at angle of under and side arm-plates. Color in alcohol, above, disk faint green- ish ; arms banded with lighter and darker yellowish brown.
‘Station, Port Jackson, 2-10 fathoms, 3 specimens.
In its disk this species resembles O. triglochis, but the arm-spines are much flatter and more toothed, and the upper arm-plates of a different shape.
Ophiothrix violacea Miu. & Troscn.
Ophiothriz violacea. Syst. Asterid., p. 115.
Off Brazil, 7-20 fathoms, 12+ specimens. Station 36, off Bermuda, 32 fathoms, 3 specimens. Fernando Noronha (same species ?), shallow water, 1 specimen,
54 BULLETIN OF THE
Ophiothrix Liitkeni? Wyv. Tom.
Ophiothrix Liitkeni. Depths of the Sea, 1872, p. 100. Station 75, 450 fathoms, 1 specimen (young).
Ophiothrix propinqua Lym.
Ophiothrix propinqua. Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., VIIL., 1861, p. 83. Tongatabu, 18 fathoms, 3 specimens (red var.). Fiji, Levuka Reefs, 2 speci- mens. |
Ophiothrix purpurea v. Marrens. Ophiothrix purpurea. Monatsber. Kon. Akad., 1867, p. 346. Station 176, 1450 fathoms [error? Sta. 177, 63 fms. ?], 3 specimens. Banda, 1 specimen. Ophiothrix nereidina Mutu. & Trosc#.
Ophiothriz nereidina. Systerid. Ast., p. 115. Zamboanga, Philippine Isl., 10 fathoms, 4 specimens.
Ophiothrix stelligera Lym.
Ophiothriz stelligera. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zoél., III. 10, p. 237. Aug. 7, 1874, 6 specimens. Station 186, 8 fathoms, 1 specimen. Arafura Sea, 1 specimen (same species?). Zamboanga, 10 fathoms, 1 specimen.
Ophiothrix Suensonii Lrx.
Ophiothriz Suensonii. Vid. Meddel., 1856, p. 16. Station 36, 32 fathoms, 2 specimens.
Ophiothrix pusilla Lym.
Ophiothriz pusilla. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl., III. 10, p. 235. Station 208, 18 fathoms, 3 specimens.
Ophiothrix longipeda Mutt. & Troscu.
Ophiothrix longipeda. Syst. Asterid., p. 113.
Station 186, 8 fathoms, 2 specimens. Ternate Shore, 1 specimen. 7 Aug., 1874, 1 specimen. Station 188, 28 fathoms, 2 specimens. Tongatabu, 18 fathoms, 1 specimen (same species?). Amboyna, 100 fathoms, 10 specimens (same species?). Zamboanga, 10 fathoms, 1 specimen.
Ophiothrix galatez? Lrx.
Ophiothriz galatea. Ophiurid. Nov. Descr., 1872, p. 108. Tongatabu, 18 fathoms.
‘MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 5d
Ophiothrix striolata GRUBE.
Ophiothrix striolata. Verhandl. Schlesisch. Ges., 1867, Pt. III. p. 99. Station 208, 18 fathoms, 1 specimen. Fatcabsasase Philippines, 10 fathoms,
1 specimen. Ophiothrix Martensi Lym.
Ophiothrix Martensi. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool, ILI. 10, p. 234. “ Aug. 7, 1874, 4 specimens.
Ophiothrix exigua Lym.
Ophiothrix exigua. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool., [11]. 10, p. 236. Station 188, 28 fathoms, 1 specimen. Station 208, 18 fathoms, 1 specimen.
Ophiothrix ciliaris? Mui. & Troscu
Ophiothrix ciliaris. Syst. Asterid., p. 114, Lym. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zodl, III. 10, p. 233, Pl. IV. figs. 29 - 32. Cebu, 95 - 100 fathoms, 1 specimen.
Ophiothrix triglochis Miu... & Trosca.
Ophiothrix triglochis. Syst. Asterid., p. 114. Simon Bay, 5-18 fathoms, 3 specimens.
OPHIOCHITON Lym.
Ophiochiton lentus sp. nov. Plate XIV. Figs. 398-400.
Special Marks. —'Three stout arm-spines. Under arm-plates thickened, but not forming a distinct ridge. Scaling of disk smooth and uniform.
Description of an Individual (Station 171). —Diameter of disk 13 mm. Width of arm close to disk 2.6mm. There are eleven short, sharp, stout, close-set mouth-papille on each angle, the two outermost and the one at the apex being a little larger than the rest. Mouth-shields about as broad as long, of a rounded heart-shape. Side mouth-shields extremely narrow, bent, wider without than within, where they meet. Under arm-plates large, swollen but not ridged, wider without than within, with lateral sides re-enteringly curved. Side arm- plates short and stout, with a low thick spine-ridge. Upper arm-plates twice as broad as long, of a fan-shape, with inner angle truncated, or a diamond-shape with much rounded angles. Disk round, smooth, and flat, covered with small, pretty uniform, rounded, overlapping scales, 2 or 3 in the length of 1mm. Radial shields small, twice as long as broad, with much rounded corners, separated their entire length hy two large round scales ; length to breadth2:1. Interbrachial spaces below covered with scaling similar to but finer than that above. Genital open- ings. long, extending from outer corners of mouth-shield, where there are a few
56 BULLETIN OF THE
minute papille, to margin of disk. Three stout, blunt, cylindrical, tapering, nearly equal arm-spines, about as long as an arm-joint. Two round, flat, ten- tacle-scales on the side arm-plate, whereof the one next the under arm-plate is much the smaller. Color in alcohol, pale gray.
Station 171, 600 fathoms, 1 specimen.
OPHIOGLYPHA Lym.
Ophioglypha meridionalis sp. nov. Plate XVI. Figs. 447 - 449.
Special Marks.-—Disk rather flat, covered with large imbricated scales. Arm-comb of minute bead-like papille, scarcely to be seen above, but con- tinuous along edge of genital scale. Three peg-like arm-spines less than half as long as a joint. Only one tentacle-scale beyond the mouth-tentacles.
Description of an Individual (Station 320). — Diameter of disk 4mm. Length of arm about 12mm. Width of arm close to the disk .7 mm. Five small, short, broad, flat, close-set mouth-papille on each side of the mouth-angle, and one pointed and similar to the teeth at the apex. Mouth-shields somewhat swollen, about as broad as long, with a curve without and an obtuse angle in- ward. Side mouth-shields short, straight, meeting by their full width within, occupying only the inner angle of mouth-shield. First under arm-plate blunt heart-shaped, quite as large as, or larger than, the second, which is pentagonal, with inner angle truncated, outer side gently curved, and laterals re-enteringly curved ; one third out on the arm the under plates are small, much wider than long, bounded by a broad curve withont and with a little peak inward. Side arm-plates large and thick, meeting broadly below beyond the second arm- plate, and touching above beyond the third plate. Upper arm-plates long wedge-shaped, with a clean curve outward and a sharp angle within. Disk rounded, rather flat and only a little arched above, covered by large slightly swollen scales, whereof the primary plates form a conspicuous rosette, radiating from which there usually is, in each interbrachial space, a row of three over- lapping scales. Radial-shields as broad as long, ‘sunken, rounded, with a faint angle inward ; joined without, separated by a wedge-scale within; they are smaller than the large disk-scales. Below, the scales are similar, eight or nine in each interbrachial space. Papille along edge of genital scale minute, bead-like, and continuous; only one or two, and sometimes none, can be seen from the upper surface. Three small, nearly equal, peg-like arm-spines, less than half the length of a side arm-plate. Five small, close-set tentacle- scales to pores of mouth-tentacles, three on one side and two on the other ; the pores beyond have but onesmall, rounded scale. Color in alcohol, straw.
Station 320, 600 fathoms, 1 specimen.
The single specimen, though well characterized, was perhaps not fully grown. It is the southern cousin of O. robusta, from which it differs in shorter arm-spines, more swollen disk-scales, smaller mouth-papillz, and fewer tentacle- scales,
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 1 oF
OPHIACANTHA .MUttt. & Troscu.
Ophiacantha discoidea sp. nov. Plate XV. Figs. 405 - 407.
Special Marks. — Seven or eight slender, translucent, nearly smooth arm- spines. A small spine-like tentacle-scale. Disk densely set with minute stumps crowned with thorns.
Description of an Individual (Station 190). — Diameter of disk, 4.7 mm. Arms broken ; they were plainly long, because, in their first 15 mm. there was scarcely any tapering. Width of arm near disk 1mm. Three cylindrical, blunt, peg-like mouth-papillz on each side, and a similar but longer one at apex of mouth-angle. Teeth longer than wide, with a rounded cutting edge. Mouth-shields broader than long, regular heart-shaped, with point inwards ; length to breadth, .7:1. Side mouth-shields very wide without, and overlap- ping the first under arm-plate, but tapering to a thin point within, where they scarcely meet. First under arm-plate longer than broad, and somewhat over- lapped by side mouth-shields ; the plates just beyond are much wider than long, of a wide axe-shape, with a broad curve without, short re-entering curves on the sides, and an obtuse angle within. Side arm-plates meeting above and below, stout and flaring, with a strong spine-crest. Upper arm-plates fan- shaped, with the angle inward ; widely separated. Disk nearly round, a little puffed, closely and evenly set, except in the middle, with very short micro- scopic stumps crowned with 3 or 4 littlethorns. No scales or radial shields ap- pear in the alcoholic specimen. Seven or eight slender, pointed, translucent, nearly smooth arm-spines, whereof the two uppermost are nearly as long as two joints ; while those below gradually diminish in length to the lowest, which is two thirds as long as a joint. One narrow, pointed tentacle-scale. Color in alcohol, pale brownish gray.
Station 190, 49 fathoms, 1 specimen.
This species stands nearest, perhaps, to O. cosmica, from which it is distin- guished by different under arm-plates, smaller side mouth-shields, stouter disk- stumps, and a very narrow spine-like tentacle-scale.
Ophiacantha Valenciennesi sp. nov. Plate XV. Figs. 408-410. |
Special Marks. — Disk ‘evenly granulated above. Seven long, slender, much flattened arm-spines. Outer mouth-papilla spatula-like and covering the pore of the mouth-tentacle.
Description of an Individual (Station 192).— Diameter of disk 11 mm. Length of arm 50mm. Width of arm near disk 3mm. Twelve mouth-papille to each angle ; of these the outermost one on either side is wide, like a short spatula, and is plainly the scale of the mouth-tentacle ; the next four papille
58 BULLETIN OF THE
are sharp and peg-like, the pair at apex of angle are thickened and conical. Five flat teeth, a little longer than wide, with a curved cutting edge. Mouth- shields long heart-shaped, or broad spear-head shaped ; length to breadth 1.5: 1.2. Side mouth-shields large and three-sided, wide without, tapering inward, where they nearly or quite meet. First under arm-plate small and wider than long ; plates beyond, wide pentagonal, with outer side gently curved, laterals re-enteringly curved, 4nd inner angle so obtuse and rounded as to be almost a gentle curve. Side arm-plates barely meeting below, separated above, rising in a thick abrupt spine-ridge. Upper arm-plates small, thick, and fan-shaped, with the angle inward. Disk thick and puffed, covered above by an even granulation, 9 or 10 grains in the length of 1 mm. On removing these, there is disclosed a smooth coat of very thin scales, about 5 in the length of 1 mm., which cover the radial shields, except their outer ends ; interbrachial spaces below without grains, and covered with scales still finer than those above. Seven slender, much flattened arm-spines, slightly rough on the edges; the uppermost one extremely long, sometimes equal to five arm-joints, diminishing to the lowest, which is longer than one joint. Two large, oblong, slightly pointed tentacle-scales. Color in aleohol, pale brown above, much lighter below. Station 192, 129 fathoms, 1 specimen.
Ophiacantha Normani sp. nov. Plate XV. Figs. 414-416.
Special Marks. — Disk distinctly scaled and sparsely granulated, and with small, separated radial shields. A single row of grains along the outer edge of the basal upper arm-plates. Four smooth, slender spines, the upper ones longest.
Description of an Individual (Station 232).— Diameter of disk 12.5 mm. Length of arm about 40mm. Width of arm next disk 2.6mm. Seven widely spaced, cylindrical, tapering, peg-like mouth-papille, three on each side, and one at apex of mouth-angle. Mouth-shields a little broader than long, thick and _ Square, with a little peak without and within ; length to breadth 1: 2. Side mouth-shields long and narrow, their outer end wedged between the first and second under arm-plates ; not quite meeting within. First under arm-plate well marked, of a rounded triangular shape, with the point outward; third plate, . and those just beyond it, broader than long, bounded without by a curve, on the sides by re-entering curves, and within by an angle; length to breadth (4th plate) 1.3: 1.7. Side arm-plates with a swollen spine-ridge, meeting below, but separated above, stout, and, like the under plates, microscopically tuber- culouss Upper arm-plates about as broad as long, short wedge-shaped, with outer side curved and a blunt angle within ; the first three or four have, along their outer margin, a single row of rounded grains, Disk flat, somewhat angular, covered with well marked, pretty equal, overlapping scales, whose sur- face is sparsely set with rounded grains, similar to those of the upper arm-plates ; interbrachial spaces below similarly covered, except that the scales are smaller
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 59 and obscured by skin. Radial shields small, ovoid, as long as broad, widely separated by a wedge of scales ; length to breadth 1.7: 1.3. Genital openings wide, and extending quite from the mouth-shield to the disk margin. Four smooth, cylindrical, rather slender, blunt, tapering arm-spines, whereof the lowest is as long as an arm-joint, the two upper ones as long as a joint anda half, and the third intermediate. One rather large oval tentacle-scale. Color in alcohol, gray, with arm inclining to straw.
‘ Station 232, 345 fathoms, 12+ specimens. Station 235, 565 fathoms, . 1 specimen.
Ophiacantha abnormis sp. nov. Plate XV. Figs. 411-413.
Special Marks. — Mouth-angles elongated, bearing, toward the apex, 12 or 14 slender, pointed papilla. Six long, smooth, slender arm-spines. Disk sparsely set with very short spines.
Description of an Individual (Station 207).— Diameter of disk 11 mm. Length of arm, which is very attenuated near its end, 73 mm. Width of arm close to disk, without spines, 25 mm. Mouth-angles elongated, having no papille on their outer part near the mouth-tentacles, but on their inner portion bearing 4 or 5 slender, spaced papille on each side, and a cluster of 3 or 4 at the apex. Teeth wide and large, with a broad cutting edge. Mouth-shields broad triangular, with a small peak on the outer edge, and blunt angle within. Side mouth-shields short and extremely narrow, just meeting within. Under arm-plates thin and sunken, pentagonal, with a broad angle inward, outer edge straight, and deep re-entering curves on the lateral sides. Beyond the third, they are separated by the side arm-plates, which meet below and above and have a high, wide spine-ridge. Upper arm-plates triangular, some- what swollen, with an angle inward, sharp lateral corners, and broad nearly straight outer edge, which on the basal plates bears two minute spines. Disk flat, having re-entering curves in the interbrachial spaces, and rather sparsely set with minute, short, blunt spines, which are fewer below. The outer ends of radial shields are exposed over the base of each arm. Genital openings long and large, extending from mouth-shield to disk margin. Six long, slender, smooth, cylindrical, tapering arm-spines, of which the two upper ones are as long as two arm-joints, thence diminishing in length to the lowest, which is about as long as half a joint. Pores large and tentacles very long ; on basal ones are two scales, of a pointed oval shape ; on those beyond, only one. Color in alcohol, straw.
Station 207, 700 fathoms, 12+ specimens. Station 210, 375 fathoms, 5 specimens.
In its elongated mouth-angles, this species somewhat resembles O. hirsuta, but its arm-spines are smooth and in all ways different.
60 BULLETIN OF THE
NOTE ON THE STRUCTURE OF ASTROPHYTIDA.
In very early youth the Astrophytons bear a close resemblance to true Ophiurans, but they rapidly change with growth. Their structure will be more fully treated in the main work, and only two or three points of differ- ence will here be suggested.
First, as to the arm covering. The young tip of an Astrophyton twig has the side arm-plates quite encircling it (Fig. 495), just as in an Ophiuran ; but already at the base of the same twig this plate is quite subordinate (Fig. 494 7), while at the base of the arm (Fig. 493 7) it occupies only the under surface, while the arm has risen in a high arch above it. It is not otherwise in the simple-armed Astroschema (Fig. 4917). The upper arm-plates have no regular form, or stated mode of division ; but doubtless they are represented by a casing of very irregular scale-like pieces, to be found on the terminal branches of Astrophyton, and in the narrow belts of broken plates found in A stroschema (Fig. 491). The under arm-plates are extremely variable ; in the type of Euryale asperum they are essentially in one piece, and are constant to the end of the branches (Fig. 499 4), while for the type of Astrophyton costosum they are quite wanting, except perhaps the first one (Fig. 4974), and are replaced by the large side arm-plates (Fig. 497 7) ; in the cold-water Astrophytons, such as A. Agassizii, they are plainly distinguished in the young, though divided in three pieces (Fig. 492 2, h). To such a structure of arm-plates the nearest approach among Ophiurans would perhaps be Ophiomyza.
Secondly, as to the arm-spines. There are found, at the extreme tip of a twig of Astrophyton (Fig. 495), little hooklets on the side arm-plates ; when the arm has risen above the plate, and become quite distinct from it, there are found two or more large hooks (Fig. 494 q), which are the homo- logues of tentacle-scales, and which, nearer the base of the arm, usually become blunt spines (Fig. 493 q). In addition to these there are found on the twigs, in the true Astrophytons, Astroclon, Astrocnida, and among the simple-armed, in Astrogomphus, Astroporpa, Astrochele, and Astrotoma, two zones or belts of raised grains, each grain bearing a hooklet (Fig. 494). These belts of hook- bearing grains are therefore characteristic of a group among Astrophytide ; while another is destitute of them, as Euryale asperum (Figs. 500, 501), Tri- chaster, Astroceras, Astroschema (Fig. 491), Ophiocreas, and Astronyz.
Thirdly, the mouth-shields among Astrophytons are quite subordinate, al- though so important among Ophiurans. Frequently there is but one (Fig. 492 a), and the position is very variable. The side mouth-shields, on the con- trary, are usually very prominent (Figs. 492, 497, 499 b) ; so large are they in Trichaster that Miller and Troschel mistook them for a mouth-shield cut in two. The entirely different structure of Euryale asperum as exhibited in the figure (499), and especially the elongated side arm-plates (Fig. 501 7), absence of hook-bearing grains, and distinct build of mouth and under arm-plates: makes it advisable to remove the species from Astrophyton and restore to it the name Euryale. It is a question, also, whether the tropical Astrophytons
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 61
should not be generically distinguished. I have already shown, in considering those of the Hassler Expedition, the very different character of the arms (Figs. 496, 498), and the arrangement of their underlying hard parts is cer- tainly quite different in the two (Figs. 492, 497).
ASTROTOMA Lym.
Astrotoma Murrayi sp. nov. Plate XVIII. Figs. 474 - 476.
Special Marks. — Large tubercles, or smooth warts, on upper side of disk. No hooklets on belts of grains on arms, except close to their tip. Clusters of grains in interbrachial spaces next mouth.
Description of an Individual (Station 194).— Diameter of disk 29 mm. Length of arm 280 mm. Width of arm near disk 7 mm. Height of arm near disk 7mm Apex of mouth-angle, embracing all the region of the jaw-plate, densely set with short, sharp, nearly equal, spine-like papille, thirty or more in number, and arranged in transverse rows of three or four. Lower surface and a part of the sides of the protuberant mouth-angles closely set with rounded and sometimes elongated grains. One round madreporic mouth-shield, 1.5 mm, in diameter, lying on the margin of the horizontal mouth-region, where it is separated from the vertical interbrachial space by a fold of skin stretched be- tween the bases of the arms. Arms high, and tapering gradually to their tips, covered above and on the sides by belts of granules alternately raised and sunken. In the former the granules are larger and more distinct, and are more or less regularly arranged in four rows, whereof two at tip of arm bear minute, simple hooks, which, however, are soon rubbed off. In the latter, the granules are minute and arranged as a smooth pavement, in which appear many oblong holes or depressions. On its under surface the arm is covered by a cross- wrinkled, calcified skin, on which are scattered granules. Disk flat and angu- lar, with re-entering curves in the interbrachial spaces; the radial shields, whose outlines are vaguely defined, are broad, and run nearly or quite to the centre. The upper surface is covered by a smooth pavement of small, soldered grains, among which appear small oblong depressions, and on whose surface are scattered a few. large, smooth tubercles. The interbrachial spaces below are covered by a clump of large, coarse grains ; at the inner end of each of these spaces is a deep, transverse hollow, at either extremity of which is a short, genital opening. Between the mouth-slit and lower margin of disk there are no tentacle-scales ; but, beyond, each pore has four, rarely five, stout, smooth, peg-like scales, lying side by side, arid nearly as long as an arm-joint ; nearer tip of arm there are but three. Color in alcohol, reddish brown, the disk tubercles and clumps of grains about mouth being darker.
Station 194, 200 fathoms, 1 specimen.
“
62 BULLETIN OF THE
ASTROCERAS * gen. nov.
Disk and arms covered with smooth, soft skin. Disk small ; its interbra- chial outlines re-enteringly curved; radial shields narrow and rather high, running nearly to centre. Arms somewhat knotted by a contraction between each pair of joints. Upper arm-plates divided in halves like high ribs, bearing a jointed spine at their upper end. Side arm-plates, towards middle of arm, having a long process to which are articulated the two spine-like tentacle- scales. Teeth. A clump of grains on sides of mouth- angles, answering to mouth-papille. Two vertical genital openings.
Astroceras stands next Ophiocreas and Astroschema. By its peculiar elon- gated side arm-plates bearing spine-like, rough tentacle-scales, and the large spines on the upper surface of the arm, it resembles the branching Ewryale asperum.
Astroceras pergamena sp. nov. Plate XVIII. Figs. 478 -480. e
Special Marks. — The smooth skin is translucent, allowing the underlying parts to be seen. The upper ends of the halves of the upper arm-plates pro- ject, and bear a stout spine. Tentacle-scales thick, rough ended, and nearly equal in size. On the sides of the mouth-angle are elongated grains answering to mouth-papille.
Description of an Individual (Station 235).— Diameter of disk 19 mm. Length of arm about 100 mm. Width of arm at base 2 nm. ; height of same 2.5mm. High up on the sides of the mouth-angles are elongated grains, irreg- ularly arranged and answering to mouth-papille, while at the apex is the low- est tooth, flat and shaped like a wide spear-head. Mouth-shields very small, triangular, with a rounded angle inward and outer edge straight. Side mouth- shields very large and swollen, narrower without, meeting broadly within ; both they and the mouth-shields are obscured by skin. Under arm-plates small, and squarish, and occupying only a part of the length of a joint. Side arm- plates nearly or quite meeting below, swollen and rounded, with a small pro- jection to carry the two spine-like tentacle-scales ; further out, on the arm, this projection is much elongated, forming an articulating process. Upper arm- plates represented by two rib-like ridges, which do not meet above, but project over the upper level of the arm, and bear a large, club-like, rough spine about 1.2 mm. long. Disk thin, and with deep constrictions in the interbrachial spaces. The smooth translucent skin allows the long and narrow radial shields to be seen ; they are pointed within where they do not meet, and are separated their entire length; at their outer end they are elevated and carry a jointed spine, similar to that of the arms. The first pair of arm-pores has no tentacle- scales ; but those beyond have two, which are thick and club-shaped, with
* dorhp, star; xépas, horn.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 63
rough ends, and, unlike those of Astroschema, are nearly equal in size, and
not much elongated towards the middle of the arm, where they bear bunches
of minute hooks on their ends, and have a pedunculated look, owing to the
elongation of the side arm-plates. Color in alcohol, light yellowish brown. Station 235, 565 fathoms, 1 specimen.
OPHIOCREAS Lym.
In Ophiocreas and Astroschema the mouth gives almost no specific indica- tions. It is by the character of the skin, or by the nature of its granulation, the thickness and Jength of the arms, their comparative height and breadth, and the form of the tentacle-scales and of the radial shields, that we get good specific marks. |
Ophiocreas carnosus. Plate XVI. Figs. 435 - 438.
Special Marks. — Animal covered by a smooth, soft, wrinkled skin. Tenta- cle-scales like rough-ended but not clubbed spines, which are short even at middle of the arm.
Description of an Individual * (Station 308).— Diameter of disk 15 mm. Length of arm 200 mm. Width of arm near disk 7 mm. ; height at the same point6 mm. Mouth-angles so fleshy and puffed as to fill almost entirely the slits ; at the apex appears a small peg-like tooth ; upper teeth wider and spear-head shaped. On removing the thick, flabby skin, the usual large ob- long side mouth-shields are seen, joined their entire length, except without, where they diverge somewhat to give place to the little mouth-shield. The side arm-plates are long, narrow, and curved, and meet fully below, separating the small, irregular, transversely oblong under arm-plates ; at their upper end they . support the tentacle-scales, and unite with the belt of thin scales which repre- sents the upper arm-plate. Disk thick, rising a little above the level of the arms, covered by a very thick, soft skin, which is especially wrinkled over the side mouth-shields. The same skin covers the arms, and is there loose and flabby. Radial shields narrow, rounded, thick and running quite to the cen- tre. No tentacle-scale on first arm-pore ; the next five have one, in form of a small, blunt, thick spine enveloped in a sort of skin bag ; beyond, there are two, the lower of which, towards middle of arm, does not exceed 3 mm., and has a rough, but scarcely clubbed end. Color in alcohol, brownish pink, ap- proaching flesh-color.
Station 308, 175 fathoms, 12+- specimens.
* The specimen described is not of the same size as the one figured. ,
64 P BULLETIN OF THE
Ophiocreas caudatus sp. nov.
Plate XVI. Figs. 439 - 442.
Special Marks. — A large species. _ Arms to disk as 13 to 1. No tentacle- scale on the first arm-joint; then for several joints only one, small and peg- like ; thereafter two, which never grow very long. Skin thick.
Description of an Individual (Station 232).— Diameter of disk 22 mm. Length of arm about 300mm. Width of arm close to disk 5.6mm. Height of arm near base 5.5mm. Mouth-angles covered with very thick skin giving a swollen look ; on their sides and above the second mouth-tentacle is a sort of pavement of irregular flattened grains. , Twelve large thick teeth, longer than wide, with cutting edge shaped like a rounded angle ; the two lowest are small- est and are less flattened. Arm-joints obscurely indicated by the arm-bones, whose outlines are seen through the skin. Arms broader above than below ; covered with a thick skin, which, when partly dry, presents under the micro- scope a minutely tuberculous surface. No tentacle-scale on first arm-joint ; be- yond this there is only one, short and peg-like, for some distance, sometimes as far as the thirteenth joint ; after which there are two, still short, and cased in very thick bags of skin ; on last third of arm the scale of the brachial side has become stout, thorny-ended, and much the longer (8 mm.). Disk thick and angular, covered with thick skin similar to that of the arms, and having interbrachial spaces re-enteringly curved. Radial shields high and narrow, diverging from the centre of disk to sides of the arms. The genital openings are long, extending from upper edge of disk to mouth-ring. Color in alcohol, uniform pinkish brown.
Station 232, off Enosima, 340 fathoms, 2 specimens.
Another somewhat smaller specimen had already two tentacle-scales on the fifth joint.
Ophiocreas abyssicola sp. nov. Plate XVII. Figs. 470-473.
Special Marks. — Arms scarcely as high as wide, about eight times the diameter of the disk. Skin quite smooth, with radial shields scarcely indicated externally. Genital openings very short, and situated near the inner inter- brachial angle.
Description of an Individual (Station 941). — Diameter of disk 7 mm. Length of arm about 60mm. Width of arm close to disk 1.7 mm ; height of same 1.2mm. Four or five short, flat grains above the second mouth-tentacle, on the sides of each mouth-angle. Seven stout, nearly equal teeth, shaped like a blunt spear-head. On removing the skin the small, irregular, rounded mouth-shield, and large, longer than broad side mouth-shields, can be seen ; the latter are often broken. Under arm-plates rather large, rounded, as broad as long, closely soldered, and with vague outlines. Side arm-plates small,
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 65
rounded, and swollen, closely joined with the under arm-plates. Arm-joints recognizable through the skin. Arms rounded and slender, tapering very gradually to the end. Disk flat and somewhat angular, not rising above level of arms, covered with soft, moderately thick skin. Radial shields shorter and wider than in other species, separated their entire length, and very thin and flat ; from the outside they are scarcely indicated, and they do not meet in the centre. Two short, stout, bluntly pointed tentacle-scales, the lower one longer, and both nearly naked. Two very short genital openings, about 5 mm. long, near inner angle. When the skin is removed the genital plate and scale are seen, the plate being rounded, much longer than broad, tapering from with- out inward, and having the small, peg-like scale attached near its outer end. Color in alcohol, pale straw.
Station 241, 2,300 fathoms, 5 specimens.
This species, well distinguished from others, is remarkable for the great depth at which it lives. The genus is usually found not far below the 100- fathom line, and 500 fathoms may be considered deep for it.
Ophiocreas cedipus sp. nov. Plate XVI. Figs. 443 - 446.
Special Marks.— Arms about twenty times the diameter of disk, and slender, except the base, which is swollen above, and contains the ovaries.
Description of an Individual (Station 344). — Diameter of disk 12 mm. Length of arm about 250mm. Arm much swollen for the first four or five joints next disk, where its width is 3.5 mm., then suddenly shrinking to 2mm. with a height of 2mm. There are numerous small, flattened grains extending along the sides’ of the mouth-angles, above the second mouth-tentacle. Eight or nine broad, flat teeth, with well-rounded cutting edge, the two lowest being much narrower and peg-like. On removing the skin the mouth-shield is seen to be very small, a little longer than wide, with ends much rounded. Side mouth-shields very large, much longer than wide, with ends much rounded. Side mouth-shields very large, much longer than wide, somewhat swollen, meeting within where they are narrowest. Under arm-plates composed of two or more small pieces. Side arm-plates swollen, meeting below, and, at the base of the arm, joined to thick, narrow, ridge-like upper arm-plates, which arch upward, and nearly or quite meet on the median line. Disk angular and flat, with re-entering marginal curves. Radial shields narrow and highly arched, not quite meeting in the centre, covered with thin skin, which under the microscope is seen to be set with fine points. Genital openings large and wide, occupying the whole height of the disk. Where the skin is removed the genital plate is seen to be long, very broad and thick, tapering inward ; the genital scale is small and peg-like. At base of arm there is only one tentacle-scale ; beyond, there are two, the upper one very small, and spini- ’ form, the lower one enclosed in a thick club-ended skin-bag.
On opening the singular swelling on the upper side of the base of the arm, VOL. VI. —NO. 2. 5
66 BULLETIN OF THE
it is found to be a pouch full of large eggs, which are about .7mm. long. In fact, the ovaries are in this species thus pushed beyond the disk, somewhat as in Star-fishes. ‘ Color in alcohol, pinkish or yellowish brown.
Station 344, 420 fathoms, 3 specimens.
ASTROSCHEMA Lrx.
Astroschema horridum sp. nov. Plate XVII. Figs. 458 - 461.
Special Marks. — Entire surface covered with little, swollen, oblong angular plates or scales, bearing minute points. |
Description of a Specimen (Station 170). — Diameter of disk 12.5 mm. Length of arm 195mm. Width of arm near disk 4.7mm; height of arm 4.2mm. Seven stout, thickened, rather small teeth, of the usual short spear- head shape. The mouth-angles are paved with large, flattened, swollen grains, but have no true papille. Arms nearly cylindrical, very slightly swollen for their first 20 mm., beyond which they taper very regularly. They are evenly and pretty closely beset with minute points, like little blunt spines, about 4 in the length of 1 mm.; these, on allowing the surface to dry, are seen to stand on small, swollen, oblong, angular plates or scales, which may be considered as exaggerated grains set with points. This covering continues quite to the end of the arm, where, however, the grains are more rounded and without points. Disk thick, rising a little above the arms, elegantly scalloped on its margin, with large radial shields (ribs), which are thick, swollen, and projecting at their outer ends, and taper inward to the centre, where they meet ; its surface is paved with little oblong, angular, swollen plates or scales, rather coarser than those of the arms, and bearing similar minute points. Genital openings straight, and occupying about one half the height of the disk. Mouth-tentacles enclosed in a tube of flat grains; the next pair has no tentacle-scale ; the next one and those beyond have two, which are short at first, but about 40 mm. out become somewhat suddenly elongated, the upper one, about 1.3 mm. in length, remaining blunt spiniform, while the lower and larger takes on the form of a cylinder 3 mm. long, with a rough, swollen end. The two lines of pores lie closer together than usual, so that the furrow on the lower side of the arm is narrow. Color in alcohol, pale reddish brown.
Station 170, 630 fathoms, 1 specimen.
Astroschema salix sp. nov. Plate XVII. Figs. 466 - 469.
Special Marks.— Granulation fine, even, and close set; 7 or 8 grains in the length of 1 mm. Disk flat, with ill-distinguished radial shields. At tip of arm the lower tentacle-scale takes the form of a compound hook,
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 67
Description of an Individual (Station 170).— Diameter of disk 8.5 mm. Length of arm 85 mm. Width of arm near disk 3 mm. Height of arm 2.4mm. Mouth-angles covered with minute, close, smooth granulation, and bearing at their apex the usual wide spear-head shaped teeth. Arms wide next disk, tapering rapidly for about 15 mm., and thence very gradually to their tips; covered by a fine, even, smooth, close-set granulation, 7 or 8 grains in the length of 1mm. The skin, being thin, allows the outlines of the joints to show through, especially near the ends. Disk flat, scarcely rising above arms, and with a similar granulation, though rather looser on the upper surface. Radial shields scarcely to be distinguished, except at their — outer ends. The first pair of pores outside mouth-slit has no scale; the next six have only one; those beyond two, whereof the inner and larger is cylin- drizal, with a somewhat swollen, rough end, and attains, about two thirds out on arm, a length of 1.8mm. At the tip, the lower scale takes on the form of a flattened compound hook, with four curved teeth on its edge. Color in alcohol, very pale brown.
Station 170, 520-630 fathoms, 1 specimen.
Astroschema brachiatum sp nov. Plate XVII. Figs. 462-465.
Special Marks. — Arms twenty-four times the diameter of the disk, higher than wide, with a smooth, even granulation, 6 to 9 grains in the length of 1 mm.
Description of an Individual (Station 33).— Diameter of disk 11 mm. Length of arm 270 mm. Width of arm near disk 3mm. Height of arm at same point 3.8 mm. The granulation of the disk is, as usual, projected over the mouth-angles, but there are no conspicuous grains which simulate mouth- papille. Teeth short, blunt, peg-like spines. Arms long, smooth, higher than wide, cleanly arched, and with only faint joint-ridges; they are closely and uniformly covered with a smooth granulation, 6 to 9 grains in the length of 1 mm. Disk high and arched, with well marked, somewhat elevated radial ribs, running nearly to the centre. The granulation is about as on the arms. Geni- tal openings rather short; their upper ends not reaching the level of the top of the arm. No tentacle-scales (spines) on first pair of pores outside mouth-slit ; the next two pairs have one scale, and those beyond two, of which the lower one attains a maximum length of 2 mm., and hasa rough, slightly clubbed end. Color in alcohol uniform chocolate-brown.
Station 33, 435 fathoms, 1 specimen.
_ This species stands between A. tenue and A. leve ; its arms are much thicker than those of the former, and much longer than those of the latter.
68 BULLETIN OF THE
Astroschema tumidum sp. nov. Plate XVII. Figs. 450 - 453.
Special Marks. — Disk and arms covered by regularly spaced, pointed, coni- eal grains. The bases of the arms for two or three joints are strongly swollen.
Description of an Individual (Station 192).— Diameter of disk 8 mm. Length of arm 135 mm. Greatest width of arm, close to disk, 3.7 mm. Width, beyond the swelling, 2.3mm. Height of arm, at same point, 1.8 mm. Seven or eight short, flat teeth, with a curved cutting edge ; the lowest one smallest. The general granulation of the disk is continued in a somewhat coarser form over the mouth-angles, and up their sides ; but there are no true mouth-papille. Arms well rounded, without any flattened surface, strongly swollen and ribbed, for the first two or three joints, but even and tapering be- yond ; set with pointed conical grains which are regularly spaced, about 5 in the length of 1 mm., and which rarely touch each other. Disk strongly con- tracted in interbrachial spaces, and occupied chiefly by the high, wide radial shields (or ribs) which run quite to the centre ; granulation somewhat more sparse than on arms. On first arm-pore there is no tentacle ; the next has one, cylindrical, tapering and blunt, with sometimes a second rudimentary one ; the pores beyond have two, whereof the upper one is, as usual, much the smaller. One third out on the arm, the larger scale attains a length of 2 mm., and is rough at the end and slightly clubbed. Color in alcohol, pale yellowish brown, with interbrachial spaces of disk gray.
Station 192, 129 fathoms, 1 specimen.
This species presents the same swelled base of the arm found in Ophiocreas edipus, and doubtless for the same purpose, an egg-pouch. The genera As- troschema and Ophiocreas though differing widely in their remote members, are, in their proximate species, only distinguished by surface granulation in the former.
Astroschems rubrum sp. nov. Plate XVII. Figs. 454-457.
Special Marks. — Arms, at bases, not cleanly arched, but somewhat angular. Mouth-angles puffed so as to nearly close the slits. Granulation fine, smooth, and close-set, 6 or 7 in 1 mm. long. Tentacle scales short and scarcely club- ended. |
Description of an Individual (Station 310).— Diameter of disk 12 mm. Length of arm 160 mm. Width of arm near disk, 3.5mm. Height of arm 3.5mm. Mouth-angles so swollen as nearly to close the slits, and covered by a smooth granulation much obscured by skin ; at the apex are small wide teeth. Arms near base as high as wide and not cleanly rounded, but inclined to be angular, and showing distinctly the outlines of arm-joints ; tapering uniformly ; near their ends higher than wide; covered by a close-set, smooth, fine granula- tion, which, at bases of arms and on disk, has 6 or 7 grains in the length
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 69
ofl mm. Disk thick, but flat on top, and rising but little above arms, covered by a thin skin, which is finely, closely and evenly granulated. The radial shields are faintly indicated by flat ridges running to the centre. Mouth-tenta- cles enclosed in tubes ; the next have no scale; the next three or four have but one ; those beyond, two, which at first are small and spiniform, and are nowhere long, the lower one attaining a maximum length of 1.4 mm. with a cylindrical form, and a rough scarcely swollen end. Color in alcohol, brown- ish red, approaching flesh-color.
Station 310, 400 fathoms, 4 specimens on a Gorgonian near Brandella.
By its color and smooth surface O. rubrum may easily be mistaken for an Ophiocreas.
ASTROCLON * gen. nov.
Arms beginning to branch at a considerable distance from the disk, and having but few forks, nearly as in T'richaster. Disk rising well above the arms, and granulated, as are the latter. The tips of the twigs are encircled at each joint by a double belt of hook-bearing grains. Along the under surface of the base of the arm are two longitudinal lines of large, transverse slits, a pair to each joint, from which issue short tentacles; and above these on either side is a row of peg-like tentacle-scales. Mouth-angles naked on their sides, but with a bunch of spine-like papille at the apex. Two very large genital openings in each interbrachial space.
Astroclon propugnatorist sp. nov.
Plate XVIII. Figs. 481 - 486.
Special Marks. — Animal covered above by a closely soldered granulation, in which appear numerous dark patches, which are small, oblong, smooth plates, sometimes raised like tubercles, and sometimes sunken. Toe. the granulation is microscopic, and, on part of the under surface a arm, wanting. Five short, wide, smooth tentacle-scales.
Description of an Individual (Station 192).— Diameter of disk 65 mm. Length of arm: from disk to 1st fork, 160 mm. ; from Ist fork to 2d, 36 mm. ; 2d to 3d, 137 mm.; 3d to 4th, 26mm.; 4th to 5th, 16mm. ; 5th to 6th, 16 mm.; 6th to end, 16 mm.; total, 407 mm. Width of arm near disk 14 mm.; height ‘at same point 10mm. Mouth-angles small, and on their sides smooth, eae,
* dornp, star; krdv, twig.
t Dr. Carpenter has happily translated “Challenger” by mpéuaxos, the Homeric word for a champion who stood in front of the line of battle and challenged the leaders of the enemy. Propugnator is a verbal translation, although it seems usually to signify rather a defender. I am told by high authority, however, that its present use is allowable. Goliath was such a challenging champion, but he is de- scribed in the Vulgate as vir spurius, an expression not applicable here.
70 BULLETIN OF THE
at the apex a vertical tuft of small, smooth, short, spine-like papille. From near mouth to margin of disk the arms grow wider, but begin to taper from that point. They are cleanly arched above, but flat on the lower surface, a: large portion of which is occupied by the deep, oblong, transverse pits (the largest 3.5 mm. long) on whose inner side stand the tentacles, so that this surface presents the appearance of a central, narrow, radiating strip, on whose sides are the tentacle-pits, arranged like the feathers of an arrow. This central strip has a very fine granulation, nearly obscured by skin; but the lateral region is quite smooth. The sides and upper surface are covered by a coat of soldered grains, about 2 in the length of 1 mm. Among them appear numerous small, smooth, slightly sunken, rounded, dark plates, usually 1.5 mm. in diameter; these begin near the tip, with a single plate on the upper surface of each joint, and gradually increase in number towards the base of the arm. The terminal twigs are encircled by double belts of hook- bearing grains (Fig. 486), but the intervening spaces are not yet granulated. Disk thick, rising well above arms; covered above by a soldered granulation similar to that of the arm, with scattered smooth plates, which sometimes are raised and sometimes sunken. Interbrachial spaces below covered by a minute granulation, which is more or less obscured by skin, and seems smooth to the naked eye. Radial shields not externally indicated. Genital openings very large, extending from opposite the second tentacle-pit nearly. to margin of disk, and capable of great distention; one of them was open to the width of 9mm. The mouth-tentacles and first pair on the arm have no tentacle-scales ; thence to margin of disk there are two or three, minute and peg-like, to each tentacle ; for some distance beyond the margin each tentacle has five small, thick, short, wide scales, about 1.5 mm. long, arranged in a single line. Color in alcohol, uniform yellowish brown, with chocolate patches where the smooth plates are.
Station 192, 129 fathoms, 1 specimen. .
The single specimen had lost one arm and a piece of the disk, the result apparently of an injury, and not of self-division.
There was sent me recently a single Ophiuran of this Expedition, which has: most singular arm-spines, like round-headed nails, or long-handled parasols. They are arranged, not in one, but in several rows, thus forming an exception to all other genera in the group. There is a similar species, but of quite a differ- ent genus, in the collection of the second “ Blake” Expedition; and I propose to prepare on these a separate paper.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
DESCRIPTION OF PLATES.
PLATE XI. Fig. 278. Amphiura maxima, below ; 3. Fig. 279. sf $ above ; §. Fig. 280. ne “ tentacle-scales ; 3. Fig. 281. a ‘¢ _ arm-spines ; 3. Fig. 282. “iy bellis, below ; 3. Fig. 283. 7. ‘*.” above > 4. Fig. 284. 4 ‘¢ arm-spines ; 3. Fig. 285. aS incana, below ; 7. Fig. 286. “ radial shields ; 4. Fig. 287. Re “« arm-spines ; 4. Fig. 288. By argentea, below ; &. Fig. 289. Ay ih above ; $. Fig. 290. ty si arm-spines ; &. Fig. 291. ‘¢ _ joints near tip ; ¢. Fig. 292. AF acacia, below ; 4. Fig. 293. a: *¢ above ; 4. Fig. 294. - ‘¢ arm-spines ; 2. Fig. 295. constricta, below ; 4. Fig. 296. af “) -above:s' f. Fig. 297. “ i. arm-spines ; 4. Fig. 298. : ” joints near tip of arm ; 4. Fig. 299. me tomentosa, below ; 3. Fig. 300. eo ri above ; 2. Fig. 301. < i arm-spines ; 3. Fig. 302. a tris, below ; 2. Fig. 303. a *** above; §. Fig. 304. . ** arm-spines ; 4. Fig. 305. = lanceolata, below ; §. Fig. 306. e above ; . Fig. 307. a . arm-spines ; ¢. Fig. 308. = glabra, below ; §. Fig. 309. . “* above; §. Eig. 310. ke ‘* arm-spines ; {. Fig. 311. oe angularis, below ; +. Fig. 312. br = above ; i. Fig. 313. ot: bs arm-spines ; j. Fig. 314. Py dilatata, below ; §. Fig. 315. “ bs above ; §. Fig. 316. i: Ge arm-spines ; 4.
=
1
BULLETIN OF THE
PLATE XII.
817. Amphiura concolor, below ; {.
318. ss ly above ; 4.
319. oe os arm-spines ; j.
320. es dalea, below ; %.
321. it: “above; 3.
322. ee ‘¢ arm-spines ; 3.
323. es cernua, below ; ¥.
324. Ss above; {.
325. a “© arm-spines ; {.
326. ‘ glauca, below ; 4.
327. 2. ss above; #¢-
328. - ** arm-spines ; 4.
329. * Verrilli, below ; 4.
330. ne “© above; $.
301. se ‘© arm-spines ; {-
332. = canescens, below ; 4.
333. i a above ; {.
304. e 7% arm-spines ; .
335. “ patula, below ; 4.
336. 2 id above ; 3.
337. sg “ — arm-joints ; 4.
338. Amphilepis patens, below ; $.
339. oe ‘above; 3.
340. ‘a « arm-spines ; ¢.
341. Ophiocnida pilosa, below ; }.
342. “above ; 4.
343. nf * — arm-spines ; {.
344. es scabra, below ; 4.
345. i ty above ; {.
346. x ‘© arm-spines ; 4. PLATE XIlil.
347. Ophiactis flexuosa, below ; 4.
348. “ # above ; ¢-
349. ws . “ arm-spines ; f.
350. he nama, below ; 4.
351. “ “above ; 4.
352. sg « arm-spines ; 4.
353. e canotia, below ; ¢.
354. a ‘© above; 4-
355 ef «© arm-spines ; 4.
356. v poa, below ; {.
357. uf “© above; ¢.
358. 7 «© arm-spines ; §.
359. . cuspidata, below ; §-
ig. 360. . 361. . 362. g. 363. . 364. . 365. . 366. . 867. . 368. . 369. . 370. . S71. . 372. 5878. . 374. . 875. . 376.
. 877.
. 378.
. 379.
. 380.
ee
. 382. - 383. , 884, . B85. . 386. 387. . 388. . 388
389. . 390. £291. . 392. . 393. . 894. . 895. . 396. . 397. . 398. . 399. . 400. . 401. . 402, . 403. . 404,
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOULOGY. 73
Ophiactis cuspidata, above ; 3.
ee is arm-spines ; 3. “ resiliens, below ; ¢. “ vis above ; j. Si = arm-spines ; i. 2 hirta, below ; §. ee ‘* above; %. bh ‘* arm-spines ; {. Ophiostiyma africanum, below ; 4°. as above ; 42. * _ arm-spines ; +2. Ophiochondrus stelliger, below ; 2. - ee above ; 2. a “ arm-spines ; 4. Ophiopholis japonica, below ; 3. - “ - above ;)-6. Re ‘* arm-joints, profile ; 3.
PLATE XIV.
Ophioconis pulverulenta, below ; 3.
<s o above ; #.
as e arm-spines ; #.
antartica, below ; $.
a e above ; 3.
“e ma arm-joints, profile; 4. Ophiomyces grandis, below ; ¢.
+s ‘s above; #¢.
. ‘¢ arm-spines ; j.
me spathifer, below ; +?.
ae a above ; 42.
= i arm-spines ; 4. 5 a mouth-angle ; 42. Pectinura heros, below ; 3.
a ‘s. above: 3:
6é 6é
arm-joint, profile ; 3. arenosa, below ; 3.
ae te above; 3.
‘ a arm-joint, profile ; 3. Ophiopeza aster, below ; 8.
de ‘¢ above; §. arm-joints, profile; 3. Ophiochiton lentus, below ; 8.
as s - above ; 4. arm-joint, profile; §. : Ophiothrix capillaris, below ; 3.
. _ above; 3. arm-joints, profile ; 3 spine; 3.
66 66
Ce ce
ce ce
66 66
_
it BULLETIN OF THE
PLATE XV.
Fig. 405. Ophiacantha discotdea, below ; 3.
Fig. 406. - “ Prabovese5.
Fig. 407. ss di arm-spines 3 3.
Fig. 408. “ Valenciennest, below ; 3.
Fig. 409. r above ; 3.
Fig. 410. 4 - arm-spines ; #7. Some
they are really longer. Fig. 411. Ophiacantha abnormis, below ; Fig. 412. rs es upper arm-plate omitted. Fig. 413. Ophiacantha abnormis, arm-spines ;
above ;
2
of these spines broken:
2 i i. Minute spines on outer edge of
i.
Fig. 414. re Normani, below ; 8.
Fig. 415. a % above ; 3.
Fig. 416. a fs arm-spines ; 4.
Fig. 417. Ophiothrix cespitosa, below ; 4.
Fig. 418. es ss above ; #.
Fig. 419. *§ spine ; +.
Fig. 420. “ fi arm-joint, profile ; 4.
Fig. 421. es aristulata, below ; 3.
Fig. 422. us + above ; 8.
Fig. 423. ig 3 arm-joint, profile ; 3.
Fig. 424. sh spine; i.
Fig. 425. 2g berberis, below ; 2.
Fig. 426. a above ; 2.
Fig. 427. a spine; 3.
Fig. 428. a os arm-joint, profile ; 7. PLATE XVI.
Fig. 429. Amphilepis papyracea, below ; 1.
Fig. 430. es ¢ above ; i.
Fig. 431. “ wat arm-joints ; {.
Fig. 432. oe tenuis, below ; ¢.
Fig. 433. & ‘¢ - above ;. §.
Fig. 434. oe “ arm-joints ; 3.
Fig. 435. Ophiocreas carnosus, below ; t.
Fig. 436. * si above ; +.
Fig. 437. cs “ arm-joint near base of arm; +
Fig. 438. ve arm-joint near tip of arm ; f.
Fig. 439. s caudatus, below ; 4.
Fig. 440. * “ above ; 4.
Fig. 441. i se arm-joint near base of arm ; ?.
Fig. 442. mo = arm-joint near tip of arm ; 7.
Fig. 443. is wdipus, below ; j.
Fig. 444. oF © above 2d.
Fig. 445. i ‘¢ arm-joint near base of arm ; j.
Fig. Fig.
fo}
Fig.
fo}
Fig.
" Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.
fo)
Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.
5
Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.
fo)
Fig. Fig.
3
Fig. Fig.
Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig. Fig.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 75
446. Ophiocreas edipus, arm-joint near tip of arm ; 4. 447. Ophioglypha meridionalis, below ; 3. 448. ay a above ; §. 449, _ = arm-joints ; §. PLATE XVII. 450. Astroschema tumidum, below ; 3. 451. 2 o above ; 4. 452. ie as arm-joint near base of arm; $. 453. oy = arm-joint near tip of arm; §. 454, ™ rubrum, below ; %. 455. . s above ; ?. 456. - = arm-joint near base of arm; j. 457. i ss arm-joint near tip of arm ; j. 458. - horridum, below ; ?. 459. if " above ; 3. 460. ” We near base of arm; 3. 461. _ = near tip of arm ; 7. 462. tf brachiatum, below ; 3. 463. = sf above ; }. 464. a - near base of arm; }. 465. - _ near tip of arm ; %. 466. se salix, below. Grains on sides of mouth-angles too large ; 3. 467. “s “¢ above; 2. 468. Me ‘¢ near base of arm ; ?. 469, se ‘¢ near tip of arm; 3. 470. Ophiocreas abyssicola, below ; 3. 471. “5 sy above ; 3. 472. am ee near base of arm; 3. 473. ne a near tip of arm ; 3. Plate XVIII. 474. Astrotoma Murrayi, below ; 4. 475. es $s above ; +. 476. a $ arm-joints ; 4. 477. Astroceras pergiumena, below; %. 478. ss “ above; 2. 479. ne as near base of arm; 4. 480. “ - near tip of arm; 4. 481. Astroclon propugnatoris, below ; 4. 482. - Ad above ; 4. 483. ‘s ce profile ; 4. 484, “ Be near base of arm ; 4. 485. i i beyond Ist fork ; 4.
486. % - tip of twig ; 2. .
76 BULLETIN OF THE
Plate XIX.
a, mouth-shield; 8, side mouth-shield ; c, jaws; @, mouth-papille; d”, tooth- papilla ; e, jaw-plate; %, under arm-plate; 7, side arm-plate; n, genital scale ; o, genital plate ; g, tentacle-scales ; 7, tentacle; y, outer articulating prominence of an arm-bone ; , inner articulating prominence of an arm-bone.
Fig. 487. Euryale asperum. Outer face of an arm-bone; y, articulating promi- nence. %.
Fig. 488. 2. asperum. Inner face of next bone; 8, articulating prominence of the “hour-glass” shape. 4.
Fig. 489. E. asperum. Widened outer face of an arm-bone at a fork; y, new articulating prominence connecting with one new branch. 4.
Fig. 490. £. asperum. Inner face of next bone, split nearly in two, and bearing two articulating prominences, 6. j.
Fig. 491. Astroschema oligactes. A joint of the arm near its end, with the skin split to show the thick, squarish side arm-plate (z), with the broken pieces above, which answer to upper arm-plates; the longer tentacle-scale, like a spine (q); and the tentacle (7). 4.
Fig. 492. Astrophyton Agassizti. A portion of the mouth and under surface of the disk in a very young specimen. .a, madreporic radial shield; 6, large side mouth- shield; c, jaw; ad", tooth-papillee 3 ¢€, jaw-plate ; h, h, under arm-plate, divided in three pieces; 7, large side arm-plates, meeting below; n, genital scale; 0, genital plate ; g, tentacle-scales or arm-spines. +4°.
Fig. 498. A. Agassizii. Arm-joint near base of arm, showing the side arm-plate (¢) and the spine-like tentacle-scales (q). 4.
Fig. 494. A. Agassizii. Joint of a twig near end of arm, in profile, to show the side arm-plate (i) and the hooked tentacle-scale (g). Above is the characteristic double belt of grains, each bearing a hook. 2.
Fig. 495. .A. Agassizii. Tip of a twig, showing the side arm-plates encireling the arm, and bearing little hooks. 4/.
Fig. 496. Astrophyton Pourtalesii. Portion of under surface of disk, showing the narrow arm characteristic of this section of the genus. 4.
Fig. 497. Astrophyton costosum. A portion of mouth and under side of disk, with the skin removed to show the underlying hard parts; lettered like Fig. 492. 4.
Fig. 498. Astrophyton spinosum. Portion of under surface of disk, showing the wide arm characteristic of this section of the genus. 3. :
Fig. 499. Euryale asperum. A part of mouth and surrounding parts with the skin removed ; lettered as in Fig. 492. 4. .
Fig. 500. FE. asperum. Joints near tip of arm, to show transition from hook-like tentacle-scales (q) to those of a stumpy shape. They are carried by the elongated side arm-plates (i). Above is seen a large dorsal spine. ~ 7.
Fig. 501. E. asperum. Joint close to tip of arm, in profile, to show the greatly elongated side arm-plate (2), bearing two hook-like tentacle-scales (¢). It was this structure that Dr. Ludwig took for a pedicellaria.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. ine
INDEX
TO SPECIES OF OPHIURIDA AND ASTROPHYTID.
Described by the author from the dredgings by L. F. de Pourtales on the U. S. Coast Sur- vey, and those of the “ Hassler,” ‘‘ Blake,” and ‘‘ Challenger” Expeditions, published in the Illustrated Catalogue and the Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology.
Amphilepis papyracea. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 34. patens. = of p- 34. tenuis. a 7 p. 35. Amphiura acacia. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 21. : angularis. ‘ “Dp. Sa
anomala. Illustrated Catalogue, VIII. 2, p. 15. argentea. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 21. Barbare. Illustrated Catalogue, VIII, 2, p. 17. bellis. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 19.
canescens. ne op SR cernua. me iy. pea: ~ 2 concolor. m eS Gt ee
constricta. *¢ fer peas
cuneata. aa V9, p.. 225.
dalea. VI. 2, per.
dilatata. o oP
duplicata. Illustr. Catalogue, VIII, 2, p. 19; Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 31.
glabra. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 25.
glauca. v7 hae ao
grandisquama. I. 10, p.. 334.
incana. re VI.. 2, pera.
wis. i AA) peenoens
lanceolata. ¢ fe: ht BAe
lunarts. V..9, p. 226.
maxima. a VI.22, ps 19.
patula. 5 "pe ak
pulchella. “4 I. 10, p. 337.
repens. Illustrated Catalogue, VIII. 2, p. 81.
78 BULLETIN OF THE
Amphiura semiermis. Bulletin, I. 10, p. 332. tomentosa. a VI..2,; pe®.
tumida. : ¥. 9} :p. 225.
Verrilli. as VIL.2. pee, Astroceras
pergamena. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 62. Astroclon
propugnatoris. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 69. Astrocnida
isidis. Ann. des Sc. Nat., 5 ser., Vol. XVI., Art. 4, p. 1. Astrogomphus -vallatus. Bulletin, [. 10, p. 350. Astrophyton mucronatum. Bulletin, I. 10, p. 348. Pourtalesw. Illustrated Catalogue, VITI. 2, p. 28. spinosum. a cs aS ictt pereed. Astroschema arenosum. Bulletin, V. 9, p. 235. brachiatum. “ VL. 2, p. G7. horridum. = arm 1 intectum. tc V9, p. 235: leve. Illustrated Catalogue, VIII. 2, p. 26. rubrum. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 68. salix. o 2p. 66. tenue. Illustrated Catalogue, VIII. 2, p. 27. tumidum. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 68. Astrotoma Agassiz. Tlustrated Catalogue, VIII. 2, p. 24. Murrayt. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 61.
Ophiacantha abnormis. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 59. aspera. " V.9, p. 228. cornuta. + V. 7, p. 145. cosmica. " * p. d46:
cuspidata. i oo peas:
discordea. VI. 2, p. 57.
echinulata. x V.9) po 228.
granulosa. Mf Ved, pf:
hirsuta. Mlustrated Catalogue, VIII. 2, p. 12. imago. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 139.
levispina. vp. VaR
longidens. ‘ ‘fp. 144.
marsupialis. Illustrated Catalogue, VIII. 2, p. 13. nodosa. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 144.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
-Ophiacantha Norman. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 58. rosea. e We Sp. teas scutata. 7 V..9, p.-220. segesta. “ ¥. espe Pe sentosa. a fp. 140. serrata. " * opr tae: sertata. a F.. 10,' p. 326.
stellata. Tllustrated Catalogue, VIII. 2, p. 11. stimulea. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 141. Troscheli. ea. ire, tuberculosa. ‘* Oe ea Valenciennesi. ‘ VI.-2; p. oF. vepratica. “y V. 7, pi tes.
Ophiactis canotia. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 40. cuspidata. ‘ ‘<p 38. flexuosa. cs SS rane hirta. ri Gee humilis. 5 I. 10, p. 329. loricata. 3 <p: gal. nama. 3 VL & p. 33. plana. a I. 10, p. 330. poa. a VE. 2, p. 40. resiliens. es ey Pi eae, Ophiernus vallincola.” Bulletin, V. 7, p. 122. Ophiobyrsa rudis. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 132. Ophiocamax hystrix. Bulletin, V. 9, p. 282. vitrea. “a V. 7, p. 156. Ophioceramis
albida. Illustrated Catalogue, VIII. 2, p. 10. (?) clausa. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 124. (?) obstricta. a <p. 124.
Ophiochiton
fastigatus. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 182.
lentus. € VI. 11, p. 55. Ophiochceta
(?) mixta. Bulletin, V. 9, p. 222. Ophiochondrus -
convolutus. Bulletin, I. 10, p. 328. stelliger. om VIL, peed
80 BULLETIN OF THE
Ophiocnida abnormis. Bulletin, V. 9, p. 227. filograma. lustrated Catalogue, VIII. 2, p. 20. olivacea. Bulletin, I. 10, p. 340.
pilosa. VI. 2, p..32. scabra. ay spo: Ophiocoma
papillosa. Ilustrated Catalogue, VIII. 2, p. 11. Ophioconis antarctica. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 44.
miliarva. 7. V9, pare pulverulenta. VI. 2, p. 45. Ophiocreas abyssicola. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 64. carnosus. a eo Sp. ‘6a. caudatus. ., oe pGa: lumbricus. - I. 10, p. 347. cedipus. , V1.2, p-63.. Ophiocten
amitinum. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 100. depressum. a I. 10, p. 20. hastatum. is V.@,"p. 103.
pallidum. C 4S GEO.
umbraticum. * spe (re | 8 Ophiogeron
edentulus. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 161. Ophioglypha
acervata. Bulletin, I. 10, p. 316.
a@qualis. Vu, pee
albata. 5 sles er a’
ambigua. re pete.
brevispina? E. A. Smith, Bulletin, V. 7, p. 78. confragosa. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 97. a3
6c
convera. p. 84. costata. ‘ “yp. 40, Deshayesi. - shea 5) 57 elevata. : " pEBe: Saleifera. oT 10 poe, ferruginea. So VO oe Jlagellata. ee ‘o apnGa. fraterna. 4 fe) vay aes umbecillis. c «pets. imermis. - ae aS imornata. : <a intorta. ” *) SpS:
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
Ophioglypha irrorata. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 73. jeyuna. a ae? pt Bt Lacazet. 3 ars” | es lapidaria. “ ‘c _ p«:803 lepida. as poet lenosa. oy OPS Deas Ljungman. .“ o ~ pel: Loven. 93 eo pASe meridionalis. ‘ VI. 2, p..56. minuta. o V. 7, p. 94. orbiculata. ‘ «pes. ornata. ch pp. 86. palliata. 5 o paee: ponderosa. ‘' “pegs: radiata. a pees rugosa. si ey poe sculptilis. “ “ “p. 84 solida. 4 SS ip Ee undata. - ©) pow undulata. ‘ i Pe variabilis. * | Be So Ophiolebes scorteus. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 158. vestitus. “<p. 159: Ophiolipus Agassiz. Bulletin, V. 9, p. 220. Ophiomastus secundus. Bulletin, V. 9, p. 218. tegulitius. “ V. 7, p. 104. Ophiomitra
carduus. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 154. cervicornis. Illustrated Catalogue, VIII. 2, p. 14. chelys. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 152.
diupsacos. cs ep. Too.
exigua. Ae ¥..9, p. 221.
plicata. si V. 7, p. 150.
Sars. s sp. Loy,
valida. 110, :p, 825. Ophiomusium
acuferum. Illustrated Catalogue, VIII. 2, p. 7. armigerum. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 109.
cancellatum. a bites 3 a cortucosum. “ ar ae a, eburneum. ee i 80; peer.
VOL. VI. —NO. 2. 6
89 BULLETIN OF THE
Ophiomusium flabellum. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 120. granosum. pee: laqueatum. fo op SS, lunare. ) pe ae. Liitken. ¢ pe. planum. ss V. 9, p. 218. scalare. si Not, ps LER serratum. a “fp. 109. simplex. tr mt op. QUBD:
testudo. Illustrated Catalogue, VIII. 2, p. 8. Ophiomyces ) Srutectosus. Bulletin, I. 10, p. 345.
grandis. VI. 2, p. 46.
mirabilis. y I. 10, p. 343.
spathifer. Ry Vi 2a. Ophiopeza
aster. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 50. Petersi. = VO, pp. 205
Ophiopholis
japonica. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 42. Ophiophyllum
petilum. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 130. Ophioplax
Ljungmani. Mlustrated Catalogue, VIII. 2, p. 22. Ophioplinthus f
grisea. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 106.
medusa. i = pS:
Ophiopsila
fulva. Bulletin, V. 9, p. 227. Ophiopyren
brevispinus. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 183.
longispinus. MS cr pe Ast Ophiopyrgus
Wyville Thomsont. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 121. Ophiosciasma
attenuatum. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 160. Ophioscolex
dentatus. Bulletin, V.7, p.157. |
Stimpsonii. Mlustrated Catalogue, VIII. 2, p. 28.
tropicus. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 157. Ophiostigma
africanum. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 41. Ophiothamnus
remotus. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 149.
vicarius. “ss I. 10, p. 342.
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY.
Ophiothrix aristulata. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 50. berberis. ” OF Dy (oe cespitosa. " A Pe capillaris. a . pol.
Ophiotrochus
panniculus. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 129.
Ophiozona antillarum. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 127. depressa. rs i pe l2s. dubia. V.9, p.. 224. insularia. Vid, pe ie.
nivea. Illustrated Catalogue, VIIL. 2, p. 9. stellata. Bulletin, V. 7, p. 125. tessellata. hy VoD py Bes,
Pectinura arenosa. Bulletin, VI. 2, p. 48. heros. a op. ae Sigsbeia
murrhind. Bulletin, V. 9, p. 234.
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No. 3. — Reports on the Results of Dredging, under the Supervision of ALEXANDER AGassiZ, in the Gulf of Mexico, 1877-78, by the United States Coast Survey Steamer “ Blake,’ LIEUTENANT-CoM- MANDER C. D. SiGsBEE, U. 8S. N., Commanding.
(Published by permission of CARLILE P. PaTTErson, Supt. U. 8. Coast Survey.)
NG
General Conclusions from a Preliminary Examination of the Mollusca,
by W. H. Dat.
THE collection made by Mr. Agassiz and Lieut.-Com. Sigsbee on board the ‘‘ Blake” contained about five hundred species, from which the Pteropods and some other groups have been excluded, as will be seen by the tables, leaving 462 species to be considered in this paper.
Of course the specific determination of all these forms is a task which must necessarily occupy a large amount of time and labor, and if that had been a necessary preliminary to a report of any kind I should have nothing to say on the subject at the present time. Fortunately, how- ever, the generic affiliations can be approximately determined almost at sight, and species may be almost as readily separated from one another by a practiced eye; so that it is not necessary to wait for the comple- tion of the drudgery of researches into the nomenclature of the various specific forms before announcing any general conclusions.
Before proceeding to these it is necessary to make a few preliminary statements.
I. The observations herein tabulated are not to be taken as exact in every instance. The limits of a species, or the reference to a subordi- nate generic group, is liable to be modified, occasionally, by more mature study. The examination of the collections for 1878-79, made under the supervision of Mr. Agassiz on board the “Blake,” will doubtless add to, and in some instances change, the figures deduced from the col- lections of the previous season; all that is claimed for the conclusions here put forward is, that the general character of them seems already to
be sufficiently established by the evidence in hand. VOL. VI. —NO. 3. a
86 BULLETIN OF THE
If. The combination of sundry shoaler-water collections, made by Pourtales and Agassiz on the Coast Survey steamers “ Bibb” and ‘‘ Hassler,” with the deep-sea dredgings, has proved of the highest im- portance, by completing the evidence in several cases where the absence of material from shoal water would have rendered a suspension of judg- ment necessary.
III. In several cases where the presence of dead shells in the deep- water material was the only evidence of the presence of a shoal-water species there, its living presence has not been taken as proved unless the multiplication of instances and graduation of depths confirmed the supposition. Ifa too great conservatism has been exercised in this way, it is on the side of safety in the generalizations. The names provision- ally adopted in the tables are of a conservative character as regards their limits ; since, in this way, a more just comparison with the lists of authors like D’Orbigny and C. B. Adams is rendered possible ; and this course is also less likely to result in errors of determination due to insufficient study. '
IV. The absence of any tolerably complete catalogue of West Indian mollusks in accessible shape has interfered with carrying the comparisons as far as might have been desired. The best that could be done was ta compare the lists of C. B. Adams’s Jamaican shells and those described in D’Orbigny and Sagra’s Mollusca of Cuba, to eliminate identical species, and to assume that the resulting list bore about such a proportion to the whole litoral molluscan fauna of the West Indies as the “ Blake” dredgings do toward the whole abyssal fauna. Upon this assumption, however, though so convenient for a brief comparison, no very impor- tant conclusions are based. As the shells quoted by the above-men- tioned authors were all (or nearly all) obtained in the limits of the shore fauna, they afforded a better means of comparing that faunal re- gion with the abyssal region than more modern and complete lists like that of the shells of Guadaloupe (Crosse and Fischer), which contains many true deep-water species brought up on fishing-lines or by coral- hunters.
The following are the most interesting and important deductions which seem to result from the facts before me.
I. The facts, already known, that certain species of mollusks have a very limited vertical range, forming respectively a litoral and an abyssal fauna, are supplemented by the additional hitherto unrecognized fact that a fair proportion (say 20 per cent in the present case) have a verti- cal range which extends from the true litoral region (less than 50
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY. 87
fathoms) to the depths of the abyssal region (250 to 2,000 fathoms) un- limited by temperatures actually encountered.
II. Of the species with great vertical range (from less than 100 to more than 500 fathoms), the smallest part (ten per cent) are of groups which have been regarded as belonging to or characteristic of the shores of cold or boreal areas. The next larger part (twenty per cent) belong to. groups hitherto considered characteristic of shoaler warm or tropical waters, while more than sixty per cent belong to groups not especially characteristic of the litorale of either region.
III. Of the species found in the abyssal fauna without regard to their vertical range above it, ten per cent may be termed boreal, thir- teen per cent tropical, and more than seventy-five per cent uncharacter- istic forms.
IV. Since the tropical forms belong to the same groups as those char- acteristic of the local litoral mollusk fauna, it is eminently probable that the abyssalregions have local faunz proper to their various portions, and